204 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
usually with small teeth. Flower-cluster narrow. Corolla dingy 
violet, purplish, or whitish, the tube not much widened above, its 
throat nearly closed by a hairy palate. Sterile filament much 
bearded. Dry hillsides or stony ground. 
2. P. levigatus, Solander. Stem usually smooth except the 
flower-cluster, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves shining, those of the stem 
ovate-lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 2-5 ‘in. long, with a somewhat 
heart-shaped clasping base. Flower-cluster broader than in No. 1. 
Corolla white or oftener purplish, suddenly widened above, the throat 
not closed. Sterile filament slightly bearded toward the top. In 
rich soil. 
3. P. barbatus, Nutt. Stems slender and rod-like, 3-4 ft. high. 
Leaves lanceolate, entire. Flower-cluster long and loosely flowered. 
Flowers showy, drooping. Corolla-tube slender, scarlet, somewhat 
bearded in the throat. Sterile filament beardless. Cultivated from 
Mexico. 
V. GRATIOLA, L. 
Low herbs growing in wet or damp ground. Leaves oppo- 
site, sessile. Flowers axillary and solitary, peduncled. Calyx 
5-parted, usually with 2 bractlets at the base. Corolla some- 
what 2-lipped. Perfect stamens 2. Stigma enlarged or 
2-lipped. Pod 4-valved, many-seeded. 
1. G. virginiana, L. Stem cylindrical, 4-10 in. long, branching 
from the base. Leaves 3-14 in. long, varying from lance-oblong to 
spatulate. Corolla pale yellow, tinged with red. Common in muddy — 
soil, along brooksides, etc. 
VIle VERONICA, Tourn. 
Herbs or shrubs. Lower leaves or all the leaves opposite, 
rarely whorled. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes, 
rarely solitary. Calyx usually 4-parted. Corolla wheel- 
shaped or somewhat bell-shaped; limb usually 4-cleft, spread- 
ing, the side lobes commonly narrower. Stamens 2, inserted 
on the corolla-tube at the sides of the upper lobe, projecting. 
Stigma somewhat knobbed. Capsule generally flattened, often 
notched at the apex, 2-celled, few—many-seeded. 
1. V. americana, Schweinitz. Brooxiime. A perennial smooth 
herb, somewhat prostrate below, but the upper parts of the stem 
erect, 8-15 in. high. Leaves 1-2 in. long, lance-ovate or oblong, 
