210 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
4. U. vulgaris, L. GreaTER BLADDERWORT. Stems submerged, 
leafy, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves spreading, pinnately cut into very many. 
thread-like segments which bear many bladders. Scapes 6-12 in. 
long, 5-12-flowered, pedicels bent down after flowering. Corolla }-3 
in. long, yellow, upper lip broad and short, palate prominent; spur 
conical, pressed close to the under lip. Ponds and slowly flowing 
streams. 
93. ACANTHACEZ. Acantuus FAMILY. 
Herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite or whorled, without 
stipules. Flowers irregular, usually with large bracts. Calyx 
of 4 or 5 unequal segments which considerably overlap each 
other. Corolla 4—5-parted and usually more or less 2-lipped. 
Stamens usually 2 long and 2 short, sometimes only 2. Ovary 
free from the calyx. Fruit usually a capsule. Seeds not 
winged. A large family, mostly tropical, with only a few 
insignificant wild species in the northern United States. 
I. RUELLIA, Plumier. 
Perennial herbs; stems swollen at the joints and often 
between them, somewhat 4-angled. Leaves sessile or short- 
petioled, mostly entire. Flowers axillary, solitary or clustered, 
showy, white, blue, or purple. Calyx 2-bracted, 5-parted, the 
divisions linear and awl-shaped. Corolla-tube slender, often 
much elongated, the limb spreading, nearly equally 5-lobed. 
Stamens 4, 2 long and 2 short, included or slightly projecting. 
Style slender. Capsule slender, narrowed below, 4—-12-seeded.* 
1. R. strepens, L. SmootnH Rvueriia. Stem erect, slender, 
usually simple, smooth or hairy, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate to 
oblong, acute at the apex, narrowed below into a short petiole. 
Flowers solitary cr in small clusters, sessile or short-peduncled. 
Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube of the corolla, downy or fringed. 
Corolla blue, the tube 14-2 in. long, the limb 1-1} in. wide. Cap- 
sule usually longer than the calyx, smooth, 8-12-seeded. The later 
flowers often without a corolla. On rich, dry soil.* 
2. R. ciliosa, Purshe Harry Ruevira. Stem erect, rather stout, 
often few-branched above, covered with white hairs, 4-30 in. high. 
Leaves oblong to ovate, acute or obtuse at the apex, narrowed and 
