212 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
the apex, rounded at the base into a long, concave petiole, entire or 
toothed, smooth or slightly downy. Scape taller than the leaves, 
downy, spike densely flowered; bracts short, ovate. Flowers per- 
fect. Stamens 4, projecting. Capsule ovoid, about twice the length 
of the calyx. Common in dooryards.* 
2. P. lanceolata, L. RipGrass. Biennial or perennial;  soft- 
hairy or nearly smooth. Leaves numerous, lanceolate to elliptical, 
acute, long-petioled, strongly 3—5-ribbed, entire 
or toothed. Scapes much longer than the leaves, 
striate-angled, 1—2 ft. high, spike short and dense. 
Bracts and sepals ovate. Corolla smooth. Cap- 
sule longer than the calyx, 2-seeded. Introduced; 
common in meadows.* 
3. P. aristata, Michx. LARGE-BRACTED PLAN- 
TAIN. Annual. Leaves broadly linear, entire 
or sparingly and finely toothed, narrowed below 
into a margined petiole, smooth or 
silky-downy. Scape longer than the 
leaves, 6-10 in. high, spike dense. 
Bracts linear, 3-1 in. long. Stamens 
4; capsule 2-seeded, longer than the 
calyx. Common on dry soil.* 
4. P. heterophylla, Nutt. Mawny- 
SEEDED PLANTAIN. Annual. 
Leaves linear, fleshy, entire, or with 
Fic. 21.—Flowers of Plantain a few spreading teeth, smooth or 
(Planiago), enlarged. slightly downy. Scapes slender, 3-6 
A, earlier stage, pistil mature, sta- jn, high, spike very slender, many- 
mens not yet appearing outside flowered, the lower flowers often 
the corolla. B, later stage, pistil scattered. Bracts ovate, longer than 
oe ee the sepals. Stamens 2. Capsule 
twice the length of the calyx, many-seeded. Common in cultivated 
ground, especially $.* 
95. RUBIACEZ. Mapper FaAmIty. 
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite and entire, with 
stipules between them, or appearing whorled since the stipules 
resemble the leaves. Flowers always perfect, frequently 
dimorphous (as in Houstonia, Mitchella, and Bouvardia). 
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; limb 3—-6-toothed. Corolla 
regular, inserted on the calyx-tube, as many-lobed as the 
calyx. Stamens equal in number to the divisions of the 
corolla. Ovary 2 or more celled. A very large and important 
