216 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
Leaflets 5-11, oblong, taper-pointed, smooth. Cymes flat and often 
very large. Fruit purplish-black, insipid or almost nauseous, but 
somewhat used in cookery. 
2. S. racemosa, L. ReEp-BERRIED ELDER. More woody, with 
brown pith. Leaflets fewer, downy beneath, especially when young. 
Cymes panicled and somewhat pyramidal. Fruit scarlet. 
Il. VIBURNUM, L. 
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves simple, entire, dentate or 
lobed, with or without stipules. Flowers small, white, in 
terminal cymes, the outer flowers of the cyme sometimes 
greatly enlarged and sterile. Calyx-tube very small, 5-toothed. 
Corolla wheel-shaped or bell-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, in- 
serted in the tube of the corolla. Ovary 1-8-celled, 1-3- 
ovuled, but only 1 ovule maturing; style short, 5-lobed. Fruit 
a 1-seeded stone-fruit.* 
A. 
Flowers around the margin of the cyme without stamens or pistils, 
large and showy. 
1. V. lantanoides, Michx. HoxpsLe-BusH, WITCH-HOBBLE. A 
shrub about 5 ft. high, with the branches reclining and often root- 
ing and forming loops (whence the popular names). Leaves very 
large, roundish, abruptly taper-pointed, serrate, with a rusty down 
on the petioles and veinlets. Cymes very broad and showy. Fruit. 
red, not eatable. 
2. V. Opulus, L. CRANBERRY TREE, HiGu-BusH CRANBERRY. 
A handsome, upright shrub. Leaves 3—5-ribbed and 3-lobed. Fruit 
bright red, juicy, very acid, and used as a substitute for cranberries. 
Common N. The form known as “Snowball” with all the flowers 
showy and sterile is cultivated from Europe. 
B. 
Flowers all small and perfect. 
3. V. acerifolium, L. MApLE-LEAVED ARROWWoOOD. A slender 
shrub 3-6 ft. high. Leaves broadly ovate to heart-shaped, palmately 
veined and 3-lobed, serrate or nearly entire, petioled, downy, becom- 
ing smooth above. Cymes peduncled, about 7-rayed, 2-3 in. wide; 
sterile flowers none. Fruit oval, black, stone flat, 2-ridged on the 
edges. In dry, open woods.* 
