LIFE OF A PLANT 
those of the Primrose and Xanthium Spinosum, 
which open at the top so that only a high and 
efficient wind can dislodge the seeds. 
The problem of food storage is an important 
one in plantdom. Annuals die when they 
have flowered and produced seed. Peren- 
nials wither but persist for a number of sea- 
sons and sometimes many years. ‘Those whose 
stems or trunks are permanent withdraw their 
starch and chlorophyll into their cambium 
layer where it is safe from freezing. Those 
which die down to the ground each fal! store 
up food material in underground stems and 
roots in sufficient amount to get a good start 
the following season. The Potato is an en- 
largement of the underground stem, but Car- 
rots, Beets, and Turnips are bulbous roots. Hy- 
acinths, Tulips, Daffodils, Snowdrops, Cro- 
cuses, and Buttercups all store food material 
in bulbs. Practically all wild flowers which 
come up early in the spring, feed upon the 
nutriment manufactured during the previous 
season. 
Buds represent the foliage of the coming 
season. Each fall, trees and bushes prepare 
[37] 
