\3 *^ A f^ 



NEW YORK 

 BOTANICAL 



' ^ I? D H 



LIVING PLANTS AND THEIR 

 PROPERTIES 



A COLLECTION OF ESSAYS 



JOSEPH CHARLES^ARTIIUR Sc. D. 



PROFESSOR OF VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 

 IN PURDUE UNIVERSITY 



DANIEL TREMBLY MAC DOUG AL Ph. D. 



ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN CHARGE OF PLANT 



PHYSIOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY' OF MINNESOTA 



NEW Y'ORK 



BAKER AND TAYLOR 



MINNEAPOLIS; MORRIS AND WILSON 



1898 



