18 HYGROMIA HISPIDA. 
H. hispida of Jeffreys as identical with Helix conspurcata of Draparnaud, 
a calcareous xerophilous species allied to H. caperata. 
The H. concinna of Moquin-T'andon, Dupuy, and other French authors 
is not the shell to which that name is correctly applied, but is a form with 
a minute umbilicus, and bearing long stiff, whitish hairs, which are not 
stated to be hooked or incurved. 
The Helix vendeana Letourneaux, an openly umbilicated form, from 
the Vendée, France, is described by its author as intermediate between 
H. hispida and H. concinna. 
Helix axoniania, H. goosensis, and H. matronica of Mabille, the H. 
choanomphala, H. cularensis, H. duboisiana, H. microgyra, H. vendoperan- 
ensis, and HF. vocontiana of Bourguignat are all regarded by Dr. Kobelt 
as more or less unimportant forms of Hygromia hispida; as are Helix 
locardiana Fagot, H. neyronensis Fagot, H. steneligma Bourguignat, and 
H. elaverana Mabille, according to Dr. P. Fischer; while Dr. Pilsbry 
includes as varieties beaudouini and laticensis of Locard; and Dr. Germain 
considers that the Helix elisula Locard is only a widely wmbilicated form 
of this species, and the H. praviata a form of what he regards as H. con- 
cinna, both being found in the quaternary beds at Buisse, Isére, France. 
He also regards as strictly synonymous, or as ill-defined varieties, Helia 
JSalsani, H. calcica, H. locardi, and H. neyronensis, all fossils found in the 
vicinity of Lyons. 
Diagnosis.—Hygromia hispida when mature chiefly differs from H. 
striolatu in the smaller size and more or less hispid shell, and may be dis- 
tinguished from the immature stages of H. striolata of a similar size, by 
the fewer and more rapidly enlarging whorls and the prominence and more 
elevated position of the peripheral angularity in the latter species. 
HT. granulata is a more globose shell, with a much more minute umbilicus, 
and the epidermal hairs with which the shell is clothed are longer and 
nearly or quite straight, not hooked and incurved as in the present species. 
INTERNALLY, HZ. hispida differs chiefly from H. striolata in the short and 
squat teeth of the radula, differmg markedly from the more elongate 
denticles of 1. striolata ; the mucous glands are also comparatively longer 
and scarcely so flexuous. 
The structural differences of H. granulata are very striking, shown by 
the total absence of darts, dart-sacs, digitate mucus glands, etc., in H. 
granulata, all of which are so strongly developed in H. hispida. 
Description—SHELL subconical, rather solid, somewhat glossy, usually of a 
greyish or yellowish-brown colour, and distinctly striate transversely ; PERIPHERY 
rounded, and sometimes showing a paler 
zone ; EPIDERMIS rather thick, with a 
number of short and ineurved whitish 
hairs, which are somewhat caducous, and 
directed forwards towards the mouth of 
the shell; WHORLS 6-7, compact, and 
increasing slowly and gradually in size ; 
SUTURE deep ; MOUTH obliquely lunate, 
with a distinet white submarginal rib, 
Wt 
most strongly developed basally; the . Fic. 27 ‘ Fic. 28 
UMBILICUS is rather broad, open, and Fic. 27.—Hairs from the shell of H. hispida, 
deep 3 and the LIP slightly reflected. x 90 (after micro-photograph by Mr. W. Bagshaw). 
Diam. ,8 mill. ; alt. 5mill. The average Fic. 28.—Sculpture of the shell surface of 
weight of the shell is about 0°6 of a grain. H. hispida (after Sandberger), greatly magnified. 
The ANIMAL is elongate and slender when crawling, and usually of a black or 
dark grey colour, but much paler posteriorly, with a coarsely granulate surface, 
the granules being densely besprinkled with numerous minute whitish specks ; 
