26 HYGROMIA HISPIDA. 
The var. sepulcrorum of Westerlund from Christiania, Norway, and from 
an ancient burial-ground near Calmar, Sweden, which he had previously 
noted as a variety of H. rufescens and as H. hispida var. montana Westl., 
does not appear to differ markedly from the type form. 
The Helix terrena Clessin is described as differing from the type by its 
smaller size, more risen spire, and narrower umbilicus, which expands at 
the last whorl. Four varieties have been described by the author, viz. :— 
Var. major, shell very widely umbilicated, diam. 8 mill., alt. 5 mill. Var. 
minima, diam. 5 mill. Var. conica, spire elevated, umbilicus wider, diam. 
5 mill., alt. 44 mill., and var. anguste-umbilicata, umbilicus narrow, diam. 
5 mill. 
Fitzinger, studying the group in Austria, distinguished as var. drapar- 
naudiana the form described by Draparnaud as typical of the species, and 
noted its restriction to montane districts; the H. hispida of Schrank he 
named var. schrankii, and noted its occurrence about Brigittenau and 
Prater, and the H/. sericea of Studer and Hartmann he established as var. 
studeriuna, and recorded it as common on the plains. 
VARIATIONS OF FORM OF SHELL. 
Var. depressula Dum. & Mort., Moll. Savoie, 1857, pp. 47, 48. 
Helix hispida var. decora Baudon, Catal. Oise, 1862, p. 23. 
Helix hispida var. depressa Pascal, Moll. Haute Loire, 1873, p. 39. 
Helix hispida var. gyratus Westerlund, Prodr. Moll. Europ., 1878, p. 50. 
Helix hispida var. calcica Fagot, Mal. Quat. Lyon., 1879, p. 36. 
Helix rufescens var. putonti Clessin, Ex. Fauna, 1884, p. 158. 
Helix (Kruticicola) feni Locard, Conch. Frang., 1894, p. 126. 
Helix hispida var. plana Steenberg, Danmark Fauna Landsnegle, 1911, p. 97. 
Helix hispida var. depressa Germain, Moll. Angers, 1903, p. 109. 
SHELL large and widely umbilicated, spire very flat, and whorls regularly 
enlarging, mouth oval. 
The var. depressula D. & M.,s.s., is deseribed as large, with a very flat or 
depressed spire, and an open umbilicus. 
The sub-var. depressa Pascal is described as being as large as the type form, 
of a pale horny tint; very flat or depressed, and with a very open umbilicus. The 
var. depressa Germain is more depressed. Diam., 10 mill.; alt., 4-44 mill. 
The sub-var. deecora is subdepressed, thin, and semitransparent, only slightly 
hirsute, and possessing a rather wide umbilicus. 
The sub-var. ealeiea is larger and more depressed than the type; the whorls 
also enlarge more quickly, and the umbilicus is slightly narrower. 
The sub-var. gyrata has a hispid shell, a flat spire, wide umbilicus, and distinct 
labial rib. Diam., 10 mill. ; alt., 4 mill. 
The sub-var. plana has a quite flat spire. 
The sub-var. foeni is described as of a reddish-horny tint, 
sometimes showing a paler peripheral zone ; spire only slightly py. 31.—-Helix fient 
risen. Diam., 7-8 mill. ; alt. 42 mill. Loc. (after Germain). 
The vars. depressa and subdepressa Germain may be assigned to this form. 
The var. depressula is in Savoy and Isere said to be a mountain form, and in 
the pine forests ascends to nearly 6,000 feet altitude, the shell becoming flatter 
and the umbilicus wider as the locality becomes more elevated. 
Dumont & Mortillet regard the Helix calata Studer as being only a strongly 
striate form of this variety. 
The H. rufescens var. putonii of Clessin judging chiefly by specimens in ny own 
collection, is certainly not a form of H. striolata, but belongs to the present species, 
where it is also placed by Dr. Westerlund. 
Wilts. N.—Purton, April 1907 ! Rev. J. Going. 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Germany—Recorded as fossil by Sandberger from the Lower Pleistocene of 
Baden at Mosbach, and in deposits of Lower and Upper Pleistocene age at Weimar, 
Grafentonna, Burgtonna, and Muhlhausen, Thuringia. 
ENGLAND. 
