12 HYGROMIA STRIOLATA. 
VARIATIONS OF COLOUR OF SHELL. 
Var. rubens Moquin-T'andon, Hist. Moll., 1855, vol. i1., p. 206. 
SHELL of a dark reddish-brown. 
The var. rubens s.s. is described as SHELL more or less reddish. 
This variety was first distinguished but not described by Bouchard-Chantereaux 
in 1838, and was evidently intended to distinguish the deeper red-brown forms; but 
the brightness and richness of the tint gradually fades with time. 
Judging by the specimens in my collection, it is the var. purpurascens of 
Cockerell, his var. rvbens being a paler form than that considered here as typical, 
though this may be due to fading. 
This variety is widely distributed in the British Isles, and is also known abroad, 
although few precise records are available. Moquin-Tandon, however, reports it 
from Boulogne, France. 
Var. alba Moquin-T'andon, Hist. Moll., 1855, vol. 11., p. 206. 
Helix rufescens var. albida Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., 1862, i., p. 195. 
SHELL entirely white. 
The sub-var. albida Jeffreys is described as shell white or colourless. 
This variety was named var. a/ba, but not described by Bouchard-Chantereaux 
in 1836. It is also in part the var. a/bida of Jeffreys. 
The Helix rifescens var. manchesteriensis Locard, judging from Bristol specimens 
in the Westerlund Collection at the Dublin National Museum, are merely the 
albine form of the species. 
Prof. A. E. Boycott remarked that the albine form was the only one found on 
horse-radish at Ross, Hereford; and Mr. Swanton has recorded its preference for 
the leaves of Arum maculatum in Somerset. 
This variety is fairly common and widely distributed in these islands, and is 
known on the continent, but few precise records exist. _Moquin-Tandon reports it 
from Boulogne, France; and Mr. G. H. Clapp from Quebec, Canada. 
A specimen found at Matlock, Derbyshire, by Mr. Hurlstone Jones, had the last 
whorl only albine, the rest of the shell being normal in character. 
Var. albocineta Cockerell. 
Helix circinata Studer, Syst. Verz., p. 86, 1821. 
Helix rufescens var. albocincta Cockerell, Nat. World, Sept. 1886, p. 179. 
SHELL showing a distinct white zone at the periphery. 
The var. alboeineta CkIl., s.s., is described as “ purplish-brown with a white 
band at the periphery.” 
This variety is probably an atavie one, the pale zone representing the area 
intervening between the colouring of the upper and lower surface of the shell. It is 
apparently most commonly found in a distinctly characterized form in unfavourable 
localities or in areas verging on the limits of the geographical range of the species. 
According to Dumont and Mortillet this form is the Helix circinata of Studer, 
hut in view of the present uncertainty of the nomenclature and identification, Prof. 
Cockerell’s name is here used. Mogquin-Tandon, who alludes to this form as 
H. rufescens var, circinata, by some oversight describes the band as dark coloured. 
This variety is probably the Helix (Trichia) montana var. obscura Wattebled, 
which is distinguished by its dark horny-fawn colour and whitish peripheral zone. 
It is known from the Jura and Vaucluse, France. 
In the British Isles, the var. a/bocincta is more especially found in Ireland, but 
has been found in several comital districts in England. 
On the continent, it is reeorded as Helic circinata from the Jura Mountains by 
Dumont and Mortillet; and as H. rufescens var. albocincta from Goat Island, 
Niagara, United States, by Rev. C. E. Y. Kendall. 
Var. clessini Weinland, Weichth. Schwab. Alb., 1876, p. 53. 
SHELL retaining in adult life the hairy epidermis proper to its very youthful stage. 
This variety, which has been as yet found only in the original locality, the damp 
forest drains on the Vottelwiese, Wurtemburg, but will probably be eventually also 
found in moist shady surroundings i in this country. 
