MONOGRAPH OF BRITISH LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSGA. AT 
Sus-GENuS Zenobia Gray. 
Hygromia fusca (Montagu). 
1803 Helix fusca Montagu, Test. Brit., 1i., p. 424, pl. 13, f. 1. 
1821 — (Zenobia) corrugata Gray, Med. Repos., vol. xv., p. 229. 
1823 — swbrufescens Miller, Ann. of Philos., vii., p. 379. 
1888 — _ revelata Bouchard-Chantereaux, Moll. Pas de Calais, p. 44. 
1850 — (Hygromia) fusca Pfeiffer, Verz., p. 127. 
1855 — (Zenobia) fusca Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Moll., ii., p. 212, pl. xv., ff. 33-36. 
1906 = — (Capillifera) fusca Honigmann, Beitr. zur Moll., p. 190. 
1906 — (Trichia) fusca Westerlund, Catal. reg. Paleearet., p. 27. 
1843 Zonites fuscus Macgill, Moll. Aberdeen, p. 93. 
1855 — (Conulus) fusca Adams, Gen. Moll., p. 116. 
ISTORY.— Hygromia fusca( fusca, brown ) 
was added to science and to the British 
list in 1803 by the famous British zoologist, 
Colonel George Montagu, with whom the 
species is herewith associated, and it is with 
especial pleasure that I am able to give the 
accompanying authentic portrait and auto- 
graph, for which privilege I am indebted to 
the sympathetic interest of Dr. B. Daydon 
Jackson, the courteous and learned secretary 
of the Linnean Society. 
This species would seem to be little known 
on the continent, possibly on account of its 
being overlooked and neglected as the young 
stage of some of the larger Helices. 
The sub-genus Zenobia is a group insti- 
tuted by Dr. J. E. Gray in 1821 for H. fusca 
and other species, but has been widened and 
altered by later authors to include other 
species in its scope. 
It has been defined as shell conoid, with 
a perforate umbilicus, and a thin and simple 
apertural margin, to which should be added 
to ensure more stability to the group, the 
more striking features of the internal organs, as the presence of a four- 
bladed dart—recalling that of Helix pomatia—a single dart sac with a 
small accessory gland, and well-developed mucus glands. 
Dr. Grateloup described a shell as H. aguitanica which he was inclined, 
and probably correctly, to regard as a variety of 1. fusca. 
It was characterized by its greenish-amber colour, and was thin, trans- 
lucent, and glossy ; whorls were five in number; mouth semilunar; lip 
simple, sharp, and fragile. Diam., 8 mill. ; alt., 5 mill. 
Abundant in autumn in gardens and woods, Mont-de-Marsan and Agen. 
Diagnosis.—H. fusca differs from H. revelata with which it is most 
likely to be confounded by its larger size, more depressed spire, and the 
absence of the greenish shade which is so marked a feature in that species. 
INTERNALLY, it is easily separated by the presence of a well developed 
dart-sac and accessory gland, by the characteristic love-dart, by the peculiar 
and almost filiform spermatheca, and the long and delicate flagellum. 
