ASHFORDIA GRANULATA. rel 
Diagnosis.—This species may be distinguished from H. hispida, which 
testaceologically it most closely resembles, by its more distinctly globose 
form, its thinner substance, whiter colour, minute umbilicus, and the hairy 
investment being chiefly formed by long straight hairs. 
INTERNALLY, it differs from that species and its allies by the secondary 
simplification the reproductive system has undergone, evidenced by the 
total absence, probably by degeneration, of many of its accessory organs, as 
dart sacs, mucus glands, ete., which are so characteristic of the Hygromiw 
and the typical Helices generally. 
Description.—The ANIMAL varies slightly in colour, but is usually whitish and 
translucent, though yellowish anteriorly, and becoming greyer towards the head, the 
foot yellowish, the whole body is indistinctly granular and besprinkled with small 
opaque-white specks ; OMMATOPHORES not very slender, of a somewhat translucent 
iron-grey, through which the blackish RETRACTORS are clearly visible, and their 
continuation being also perceptible for some distance on each side of the dorsum ; 
EYE-SPECKS black ; MANTLE pale with black marblings and fleckings. 
The SHELL is very globose, spire well produced, greyish or yellowish-white in 
colour, and subhyaline, sometimes slightly tinged with rufous near the aperture, 
extremely thin yet firm in 
substance, beset with erect 
and persistent whitish hairs, 
arising from minute bulbous 
or tubercular bases, which 
impart a granular aspect like 
shagreen to the shell surface, 
and when the hairs become 
lost the position being indi- 
cated by their empty sockets ; 
the LINES OF GROWTH are 
very fine, with stil] more 
delicate intermediate STRLE, cal 
while faint traces of a spiral Fic. 101. Fic. 102. 
striation are occasionally per- Fic. 100.—Frontal aspect of A. granu/ata, x 2, near Bristol, 
ceptible under high magnifi- Miss F. M. Hele. 
cation; WHORLS 54 to 6, very Fic. 101.—Basal aspect of A. gvanulata, x2, Mostyn, Flint, 
convex; and slowly increas- Ge pees ee meee of body-whorl of A. granulata 
inginsize; APERTURE lunate, foep areca nd 2 “nos 
: , (from a highly magnified photograph by Mr. W. Bagshaw). 
and in fully adult shells with 
a thin internal submarginal rib ; LIP thin, scarcely deflected above and very feebly 
reflected, but clearly perceptible around the UMBILICUS, which is very narrowly 
perforate. EPIPHRAGM very thin, transparent, and iridescent in summer, becoming 
more calcified and opaque in winter. 
Diam., 7} mill. ; alt., 5 mill. Average weight of adult shells about {ths grain. 
When containing the animal the underside of the shell is usually uniformly 
yellowish, though sparse blackish marblings are occasionally present, but along the 
periphery of the last whorl the elongate and very pale linguiform RENAL ORGAN is 
clearly visible; its base adjoins the shell aperture, and is defined by a black patch. 
The upper side shows a pale nucleus, usually destitute of hairs, the following 3 or 
34 whorls show a whitish ground colour irregularly spotted and flecked with black 
and brown, which become most dense as they approach the apex or nucleus. 
INTERNALLY, the right TENTACULAR RETRACTOR lies entirely to the left of and 
is not entangled with the sexual apparatus as in the typical Helices ; the HEART 
shows a transparent yellowish-grey auricle, and an opaque whitish-grey ventricle ; 
and the hepatic artery is quite indistinct. 
The ALIMENTARY SYSTEM shows a long and narrow SOPHAGUS, but the 
slender ducts of the SALIVARY GLANDS are of moderate length, the lobulate secretory 
sections being closely appressed to the oesophagus and to the proximal portions of 
the crop; the somewhat voluminous STOMACH and CROP are apparently continuous 
without any obvious division and brown in colour, the intestinal fold is olive-green, 
the rectum leaden-grey, and the hepatic section quite pale, showing conspicuously 
against the very dark olive-brown LIVER. 
