94 THEBA CANTIANA. 
In Ireland it was recorded in 1819 by ‘Turton in his Conchological 
Dictionary as found in “ woods and hedges, especially in... . Cork”: but 
no confirmation of this statement has been made. 
In Sept. 1901, however, Mr. R. A. Phillips, of Ashburton, Cork, placed 
nineteen full grown 7. cuntiuna from Knowle, near Bristol, on a grassy 
bank by ‘Tivoli Railway Station, near Cork, which now appear to have 
established themselves there, as Mr. Phillips reported in 1911 that adults 
and young were quite numerous. 
Dr. Turton in his Catalogue of Irish Shells also states that 7. cantiana 
was found in ‘hedges and box-borders about Dublin”; and in 1889 I 
received from Colonel Dawson some undoubted specimens of 7. cantina 
said to have been collected by his son in a particular spot in Stillorgan 
Park; but Dr. Scharff and others have assiduously and closely investigated 
the precise locality indicated by Colonel Dawson, as well as the park 
generally, without finding a trace of the species, and believe that this 
reported occurrence must be due to some error. 
On the Continent its distribution as far as at present reliably ascer- 
tained is more erratic, but its recorded range is somewhat unreliable, owing 
to the true limits of this species being as yet not authoritatively defined. 
The Helix carthusiana Drap. is usually regarded as synonymic with or a 
variety of the present species, but others regard it as merely a larger form 
of Theba cartusiuna, or as a distinct species to which various names have 
been applied ; but no evidence has been adduced of any differences in 
internal structure in justification of its separation from 7. cantiana, though 
Moquin-T'andon’s figure of the internal organs must not be overlooked, 
although its correctness has never been confirmed. 
GERMANY. 
Oldenburg—Found along the north-west coast of Germany, between the River 
Elbe and the River Ems, especially about Eckwarden, Seefeld, and Ellenserdamm 
in the Bay of Jahde. It is also recorded from the banks of the Lower Weser by 
Kohlmann. 
Holstein —Recorded from the neighbourhood of Hamburg by Prof. Weldon. 
Schleswig—Sub-var. réddingensis recorded by Schlesch from Rédding. 
NETHERLANDS. 
Belgium—Only authoritatively recorded from West Flanders at Bruges, Ostend, 
Nieuport, Heyst, and Blankenberghe. 
East Flanders: A dead shell only has as yet been found in the Polders, Assenede. 
Antwerp: At Malines, Santvliet, Willebroeck, and the banks of the Escaut. 
Especially fine specimens have been found in the area at Antwerp between the 
gates of Berchem and St. Georges. 
3rabant ; It is reported from Wechter and from Brussels. M. Colbeau thinks 
the latter locality erroneous, and states that he endeavoured to introduce the 
species in Brussels, but that the shells dwindled in size and the colony died out in 
two or three years time. 
Holland—In Zealand it is common by the Selzaete; in the Polders of Canisvliet 
near Westdorp, and common at Sluys-kill. 
South Holland: Reported by M. M. Sechepmann. 
North Holland; Collected by Mr. F. H. Sikes at Koog on the Island of Texel 
in Apr. 1913; and also enumerated by M. M. Schepmann as inhabiting the province. 
SWITZERLAND. 
Vaud—H. cantiana var. rubella reported from Lausanne by Miss Hele, 
