104 THEBA CARTUSIANA. 
Italy—Var. magna is described by Porro from examples from Como, Lombardy. 
Sub-var. major Pirona is recorded by its author from Palma, Porto-gruaro, Isola, 
S. Andrea, ete., in Venetia. Var. major, Rome, 1877, Mrs. Fitzgerald. 
Sub-var. claustralis is ascribed to Italy by Rossmiissler. 
Austro-Hungary—Specimens, 21 mill. in diameter, from Buda-Pesth, Hungary, 
are in the Sikes’ Collection, now in the British Museum. Sub-var. e/australis is 
ascribed to Dalmatia by Dr. Paetel. 
Greece—Sub-var. claustralis is recorded by Dr. Westerlund. 
Var. parva Porro. 
Helix carthustanella var. 3 Draparnaud, Hist. Moll., 1805, p. 101, pl. vii., f. 3, 4. 
Hlelix oliviert Michaud, Compl. Drap., 1831, p. 25 (not of Férussac). 
Flelix carthusiana var. 6 parva Porro, Mal. Comasca, 1838, p. 25. 
Helix (Zenobia) carthusiana var. minor Mogq., Hist. Moll., 1855, ii., p. 207, pl. xvi. 
felix chartusiana var. mtnor Pirona, Moll. Friuli, 1868, p. 7. 
Helix lamalouensits Reynes, Annales de Malacologie, 1870, vol. i., p. 34. 
Helix carthusiana var. minima and minor Pini, Moll. Esino, 1876, p. 132. 
Helix carthusianella mut. minima Strobel, Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital., 1877, vol. iii., p. 89. 
Helix carthusiana var. arvensis Pini, Atti Soc. Ital., 1879, vol. xxi., p. 10. 
Helix leptomphala Bourguignat, in Locard, Prodr., 1882. pp. 72 and 316. 
Helix stagnina Bourguignat, in Locard, Coq. Fr., 1894, p. 108. 
Helix ventiensis var. minima Caziot, Moll. Monaco, 1910, p. 96, pl. iv., f. 54. 
Helix innoxta var. minor Caziot, Moll. Monaco, 1910, p. 72. 
Helix sarriensis var. minor Caziot, Moll. Monaco, 1910, p. 93, pl. iv., f. 22. 
SHELL smaller, spire more risen, mouth rounder, lip or peristome brown, witha 
milk-white labial rib, and a corresponding whitish transverse zone outside. 
H. carthusianella var. 8 Drap., from Cette, Herault, is described as a smaller 
and slightly flatter variety with a somewhat rounder and less oval mouth and 
brown peristome, the internal rib and external marginal band to the aperture 
milk-white. 
Fic. 156. Fic. 157. Fic. 158. Fic. 159. 
Fic. 156.—Heli/x cartusiana var. minor, frontal aspect, Lewes, Mr. T. S. Hillman, enlarged one-third. 
Fic. 157.—Frontal aspect ; and Fic. 158.—Basal aspect of Helix carthusianella var. 3 Drap. 
(after Draparnaud). 
Fic. 159.—Helix arvensis Pini, Como, Marquis Monterosato, enlarged one-third. 
The sub-var. minor Mog. is described as smaller, spire more elevated, and 
aperture rounded. The sub-var. minor of Westerlund is 7-8 mill. in diameter and 
4-5 mill. altitude, and have mostly reddish lips. The sub-var. minor Caziot is 
figured as 7} mill. in diameter and 44 mill. in altitude by Comm. Caziot, who 
described it as the precise form named Helix carthusianella by Risso. The sub-var. 
minor Pirona is 7-9 mill. in diameter. 
The sub-var. parva Porro s.s., is 10 mill. in diameter and 6 mill. in altitude. 
The sub-var. leptomphala is smaller and flatter, with the body-whorl slightly 
developed, and an umbilicus of somewhat ellipsoidal shape. Diam., 73-84 mill. ; 
alt., 5-6 mill. 
The sub-var. lamalouensis Reynes is described as being 9 mill. in diameter. 
The sub-var. stagnina is smaller and flatter, body-whorl subangulate, aperture 
more oval. Diam., 9 mill. ; alt. 6 mill. 
. The sub-var. ventiensis-minima Caziot is smaller with flatter whorls, shal- 
lower sutures, and more elongate aperture. Diam., 7 mill. ; alt. 5 mill. 
The sub-var. innoxia-minor Caz. is described as 10 mill. diam. and 6 mill. alt. 
The sub-var. minima Strobel is described as 7 mill. in diameter. 
The sub-var. arvensis is 8 mill. in diameter ; its larger form taw7rinensis Poll. 
(Moll. Piemonte, 1885, p. 24) varies between 9 and 11 mill. 
The sub-var. sarriensis-minor is deseribed as 8 mill. in diam. and 6 mill. in alt. 
The Helix olivieri Mich., is probably a variety of the present species, which 
only differs from the var. rwfilabris im possessing a white labial rib; it has been 
allocated very frequently to the var. rufilabris, but this is shown to be incorrect by 
