THEBA CARTUSIANA. 107 
developed in diameter. The animal is also described as differing from 7. cartusiana 
in being black with a whitish line on the neck, and white or yellowish marblings 
on the mantle, while in 7. cartusiana the mantle is said to be white with black or 
more frequently yellow marblings. 
The sub-var. arehimedea is described as possessing a reddish labial rib. Diam., 
13 mill. ;_alt., 103 mull. 
According to Dumont and Mortillet and others, this is an arid ground variety, 
differing from 7. cartusiana, which congregates in moister places, by living in dry 
stony localities or on ground covered with brushwood ; the deficient moisture and 
warinth imparting to the animal and shell a deeper tint, retarding the development 
and rendering the shell more globose, with rounder mouth and more elevated spire. 
ENGLAND. 
Sussex W.—Common about Littlehampton (Jeffreys, l.c.). 
Sussex E.—Lewes, abundant, Oct. 1883! T. S. Hillman. Mount Caburn near 
Lewes, common, Aug. 1883 ! Rev. S. Spencer Pearce. Wilmington near Eastbourne, 
Sept. 1908, W. E. Brady. Ranscombe near Lewes, J. H. A. Jenner. 
Kent E.—Folkestone, 1882 ! Mrs. Fitzgerald. 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION. 
France—M. Grateloup ascribes it a distribution over almost all France; while 
M. Germain states that it has been reported from almost every department. I have 
noted records from Ain, Aude, Alpes Maritimes, Basses Alpes, Basses Pyrénées, 
Calvados, Champagne Meridionale, Dréme, Gers, HautesPyrénées, Landes, Morbihan, 
Orne, Oise, Rhone, Seine, Seine-et-Oise, Savoy, and Upper Savoy, Var, Vaucluse, 
and Yonne. 
Switzerland—Reported from Vevey, Canton Vaud, by Lieut.-Col. Parry ; and 
by Dumont and Mortillet for Lausanne and Geneva. 
Italy—Rare in Piedmont in the alluvium of the River Po near Turin, Prof. 
Pollonera ; and collected at Menaggio, Lombardy, in Sep. 1886 by J. R. le B. Tomlin. 
Sub-var. archimedea first found in the ancient Roman Amphitheatre, Syracuse, 
Sicily ; it is rare in the fields about Palermo and the Madonie (Benoit, op. cit.). 
Spain—Var. rufilabris recorded from Escalona, ete., Aragon, by Prof. Hidalgo. 
Var. leucoloma Stabile, Moll. Lugano, 1859, p. 54. 
Helix carthusiana var. albolabiata Baudon, Moll. Oise, 1862, p. 23. 
The var. leuecoloma is described as smaller, and with an entirely white peris- 
tome or lip. The sub-var. lewcoloma Taylor is small, peristome and rib white. 
The sub-var. albolabiata has the peristome whitish or perfectly white. 
ENGLAND. 
Kent E.—Var. leucoloma, Beechborough, near Folkestone ! Mrs. Fitzgerald. 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION. 
France—Sub-var. a/bolabiata, rave, Balagny, Oise (Baudon, l.c.). 
Italy—Var. lewcoloma, Lugano and Castagnola, Lombardy (Stabile, ].e.) ; and 
Pini records it as rather rare at Varenne and about Lecco in the same province. 
Stabile also reports it from the Bormida Valley, and Acqui, Piedmont. 
VARIATIONS IN MARKINGS OF SHELL. 
Var. fasciata Westerlund, Faun. Eur. Moll., Prodr., Fasce., 11.., p. 59, 1878. 
Body whorl with a rufous supra-peripheral spiral band, 
which is continued on the upper whorls and clearly visible a 
about the sutural line. (€  \ 
This variety is an atavic one, and essentially identical ——— 
with the var. albocincta of T. cantiana; the rufous band : alors ! 
is the original colour of the bands reduced to its smallest Fic. 164.— 7. cartusiana 
ens ‘ 3 . ? showing traces of four bands, 
visible dimensions, and is placed as usual above the pale Grande Chaviveases Rev Suck 
zonulation, which formerly separated the upper and lower Pearce, enlarged one-third. 
group of bands. 
Westerlund gives no locality for this variety, but I have a specimen from Syra- 
cuse, Sicily, received from the Marquis Monterosato ; and another, rather more 
sombre in colour, collected at Lewes, Sussex, by Mr. C. H. Morris. 
ENGLAND. 
Sussex E,—Lewes, associated with the usual form, Oct. 1916! C. H. Morris. 
