114 MONOGRAPH OF BRITISH LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA. 
Xerophila itala (Linné). 
1674 Cochlea cinerea, fasciata, Ericetorum Lister, Phil. Trans., vol. ix., p. 99, 
no. 105, pl. 6, f. 12. 
1678 Cochlea cinerea, albiddve, fasciata, Ericetorum Lister, Hist. An. Angl., p. 126, 
bib: xi. pl. 2d. UT. 
1753 Nerita integra, Striata Klein, Method. Ostrac., p. 6, no. 11. 
1767 La grand Ruban G ON: C Ue ; 2, Fis! no. 13. 
1758 Helix itala Linne, Syst. Nat., X ed., no. 598, p. coe 
1777. — albella Pennant, Brit. Zool., lv,, p- 132, pl. 8d, f. 122! 
1778 — erica Da Costa, Brit. Coneh., P05; pleat. 8: 
1IS91 — Jlampra Westerlund, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien., xlii., p. 25. 
1826 Helicella ericetorum Hisso, Hist. Nat. Europ. Merid., iv., p. 7. 
1831 Zonites ericetorum Leach, Turton’s Man., p. 101. 
1833 Oxychilus ericetorum Fitzinger, Syst. Verz., p. 100. 
1837 Xerophila ertceforwn Held, Isis, p. 918. 
1SS4 — (Planatella) ericetorum Clessin, Exe. Deutsch Moll., p. 187, £. 110. 
1837 Theba ericetorwm Beck, Ind. Moll., p. 13. 
1892 Verolara ericetorum Monterosato, Moll. Isole Adj. Sicilia, p. 24. 
ISTORY.—"This is another species which 
was first discriminated and named, untor- 
tunately polynomially, by Dr. Martin Lister, 
though Linné was the first author to apply 
binomial designation as was established many 
years ago by ‘Mr. Sylvanus Hanley, who in his 
examination of the Linnean Collection, now in 
the possession of the Iinnean Society of 
London, detected the distinguishing numerals 
598, which is the serial number of this species 
in the 10th edition of the Systema Nature, 
inscribed in Linné’s well-known handwriting 
upon one of the specimens therein, which thus 
becomes the type of the species. 
Some confusion arose later in reference to 
the precise numerals inscribed on the type shell, 
and conflicting statements were published, but 
this uncertainty was, we hope, finally set at rest 
by Mr. Edgar A. Smith. 
v) 12 There are four specimens of this species in 
[Ne Ge a - the Linnean Collection, all below the normal 
size and all very similar in aspect. ‘lhe type 
specimen is a tetrafasciate shell bearing the numerals 598, and showing 
the band arrangement — in a faded and faint greyish-fawn colour. 
I have pee in associating with the present species the late Prof. 
Ralph ‘late, F.G.8., founder of the Belfast Natural History Field Club, 
and afterwards p rate sssor of Natural History in the University of Adelaide, 
South Australia. He was the author of an excellent popular manual on 
our British land and freshwater mollusca published in 1866, and also 
prepared the invaluable Appendix to the revised editions of Dr. 8. P. 
Woodward’s famous classical work, “A Manual of the Mollusca.” 
Though other names have from time to time been added to the synonyms 
of this species, it is doubtful how far they can be accepted, as there are so 
many intermediate linking forms in existence and few or any of the pro- 
