XEROPHILA ITALA. ibe 
. The CEPHALIC MUSCULATURE displays a very wide and strong pharyngeal 
retractor, the whole breadth of which is attached to the buceal bulb. 
The tentacular and oral muscles arise from the same root and are fused together 
for a moiety of their total length, when the stout branch to the ommatophore of 
each side diverges, the muscle to the right ommatophore being quite free from 
Fic. 173. Vic. 174. 
Fic. 173.—Cephalic retractors-of an adolescent specimen of \evopfhila tta/a from Charlton Kings, 
Gloucester ; from a dissection and sketch as seen from beneath, by Prof. Boycott (greatly enlarged). 
o. ommatophore retractors; 2. labial retractors ; ¢. anterior tentacular retractors. ‘The retractor 
of the buccal bulb is the broad central band. 
Fic. 174.—Kidney and heart of .\. ¢¢a/a, also showing the rectum, etc., as viewed from beneath ; 
from a dissection and sketch by the late Mr. Charles Ashford (greatly enlarged). 
the sexual complex; the muscles serving the lower tentacles and the oral area 
are usually five on each side, and are not perfectly symmetrical, the stout outer- 
most strand on each side of the body retracts the lower tentacles, while the 
remaining four are distributed to the lips and mouth-region generally. 
The REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS display an elongate white OVOTESTIS; the HERM- 
APHRODITE DUCT is very sinuons and convoluted; the ALBUMEN GLAND of 
variable dimensions, according to the season, and separating into lobes after 
Inaceration in water; the VESICULA 
SEMINALIS is reniform, of a clear 
yellow, with fine blackish specks; 
the OvIDUCT is distinetly and very 
closely sacculate ; the PROSTATE 
or sperm duct is comparatively 
broad; SPERMATHECA irregularly 
ovoid in shape and greyish-white in 
colour, borne on a moderately long 
and slender stem; PENIS-SHEATH 
short and somewhat clavate, con- 
tinued as a long, twisted and taper- 
ing EPIPHALLUS, and terminating in 
a short subulate FLAGELLUM; the 
vaginal MUCUS GLANDS are some 
what irregular in number, and de- 
seribed by Moquin-Tandon as 4—10 
on each side, verticillate, and in- 
serted very high on the vagina; they 
are 5 to 8 millimetres long, slightly 
flexuous, and of a white colour 
Fic. 175.— Reproductive 
system of .\. ztada, x 3, 
Epsom, Surrey. 
a.g. albumen gland ; 
d.s. twin stylophores or 
dart sacs ; ef. epiphallus; 
fi. flagellum 3 2.27. digi- 
tate vaginal mucus 
glands 3 of. ovotestis or 
hermaphrodite gland 
with the sinuate herma- 
phrodite duct ; oz. gland- 
ular or sacculate oviduct ; 
p. penis ; s.d. prostate or 
sperm duct; sf. sperma- 
theca and its duct; v.d. 
vas deferens. 
tinged with greyish, but in British specimens are most usually 4—6 mill. in 
length, and 7—8 in number on each side. 
The STYLOPHORES or dart-sacs are formed externally of a pair of similar and 
simple sacs, whose lower parts are blended and fused to the VAGINA; the free 
DISTAL ENDS are ovate, bluntly pointed, greyish-yellow in colour, and speckled 
with brown. The sacs may, however, be unequally developed, and at times one 
may be more or less atrophied. Internally there is only a single lumen, which is 
bifid distally, each section or lobe bearing a tubercle resting upon the fundus of 
the sac, and supporting the base of its dart. The papillary common outlet of the 
darts may be sometimes perceived through the investing tissues, with the points 
of the two darts projecting from it. 
