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136 XEROPHILA ITALA. 
RUSSIA. 
Reported by Prof. von Martens from the government of St. Petersburg, Tauria, 
and Caucasia; and by Krynicki for South Podolia, South Tauria, Georgia, and 
Transcaucasia. 
SIBERIAN SUB-REGION. 
Tomsk—Recorded by Gebler as occurring at Barnaul, but Westerlund believes 
the specimens to have been Hygromia hispida L. 
ASIA MINOR. 
Syria—Feérussae (Tabl. Syst., 1822, p. 43), records this species for Syria; and 
Prof. Forbes cites the species as inhabiting the Travertin plains of Pamphylia, also 
the plains of the Yailah basin, the tertiary plains of the Valley of Xanthus, and 
the Plain of Phineka. 
NORTH AFRICA. 
Algeria —Bourguignat cites this species as rare in Algeria. It has been found 
at Constantine by Raymond; at Cap de Garde, near Bone, by Brondel; and at 
Metlili by Mares. 
AUSTRALASIAN REGION. 
South Australia—Dr. Cox, of Sydney, first observed and recorded in 1891 the 
occurrence of this species amongst ‘‘ grass tussocks’”’ at Levens, York Peninsula, 
probably imported with English grass, which was cultivated there for a few years. 
The species has now spread over hundreds of square miles, and in 1912 was so 
exceedingly abundant that the herbage in places was white over with the countless 
millions of their shells, while there is a marked tendency to spread westwardly to 
Coney Point and scarcely any progress eastward towards Warooka. Judging by 
the specimens examined by me, the species would in my opinion be more precisely 
defined as AX. obvia. 
New Zealand—Mr. F. W. Wotton records that in 1892 there was a thriving 
colony of X. itala at Wellington, North Island, the species being unwittingly 
introduced from England with grass seed some five or six years previously. The 
shell sent to me hy Mr. Wotton is, however, precisely the same form (X. obvia) as 
those recorded above from South Australia. 
Fic. 208.—Whitepark Bay, near Giant’s Causeway, Antrim, where Verofhila itala 
is abundant and of large size (photograph by Mr. R. J. Welch), 
ely Mel eek van 
