XEROPHILA VIRGATA. 157 
ae VARIATIONS IN SIZE OF SHELL. 
Var. variabilis Draparnaud. 
Helix variabilis Draparnaud, Hist. Moll., 1805, p. 84, pl. v, ff. 11,1 
Helix lineata var. 2 variabilis de |’ Hopital, Moll. Caen, 1859, p. 22. 
Helix lauta var. maxima Bourgt., Mal. Alger., 1864, vol. i, p. 222, p 
Helix lineata var. maxima Bourgt., Mal. Alger., 1864, vol. i, p. 219. 
Helix variabilis var. major Pirona, Moll. Udine, 1865, p, 13. 
Helix virgata var. variabilis Westerlund, Faun. Palzarct., 1899, p. 166. 
Helix virgata var. inflata Westerlund, Faun. Palzarct, 1889, p. 166. 
Helix virgata var. variabilis f. tumida Westl., op. cit., Rossm. Icon., 1877, vol. v, f. 1299. 
Helix virgata var. major Taylor, Journ. of Conch., 1883, p. 29. 
Helix variabilis var. J Gassies, Moll. Agenais, 1849, p. 79. 
SHELL larger, attaining 20 mill. or more. 
The var. variabilis Drap. is figured by its author as about 20 mill. in diameter. 
The sub-var. virgata-variabilis Westerlund is described as 20 mill. in diameter, and 
14-15 mill. in alt. The sub-var. lineata-variabilis de Hopital is depressed, with a 
larger umbilicus. Diam., 20 mill. ; alt., 10 mill. 
The sub-var. lauta-maxima Bourguignat is described as usually whitish, but 
frequently banded ; diam., 23 mill. ; alt., 18 mill. The sub-var. lineata-maxima 
Bourget. is 19 mill. diam., and 16 mill. alt. 
Fic. 247. Fic. 248. 
Fic. 247.—X. varviabilis Drap. (Helix variabilis Drap.), after Draparnaud. 
Fic. 248.—X. virgata var. maxima Bourgt. (H. lauta var. maxima), after Bourguignat. 
The sub-var. major of Pirona is 18-20 mill. diam., and 14-16 mill. alt. The 
sub-var. virgata-nuyor Taylor is described as 20 mill. in diam, 
[The Helix lineata var. major Bourguignat is a very conoid, medium-sized shell, 
which I include under var. conica]. 
The sub-var. inflata Westerlund is described as 20-22 mill. in diameter. 
The sub-var. tumida Westerlund is described as 30 mill. in diameter. 
The sub-var. turgida Blane and Westerlund is described as 20 mill. in diameter. 
: BRITISH DISTRIBUTION. 
England—The variety is recorded from several counties mainly in the south and 
west of England, the largest British specimen known was found by the Rev. S. 
Spencer Pearce in cultivated fields at Holywell Cliffs, Eastbourne, Sussex, and 
measured fully 25 mill. in diameter. In Dorset, the late Mr. Clement Reid found 
shells 4ths of an inch wide at Affpuddle; the late Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell 
collected similar specimens at Puncknowle; Dr. Jeftreys records that the largest 
shells of this species seen by him were collected by Mr. W. ‘thompson near 
Weymouth ; and Rev. Canon Norman found very large shells in the Isle of Portland. 
In East Kent, Rev. Canon Horsley has collected very fine examples at Margate; and 
Mr. L. E. Adams has recorded finding shells 20 mill. in diameter in stubble-fields 
near Lydden. Specimens of similar size have been found in several other areas. 
FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION. 
France—The ‘‘large variety” of H. variabilis has been found in the Alpes 
Maritimes at Nice, by Col. Wilmer, and at Monaco by Dr. Viner; the var. J in 
the Agenais by Dr. Gassies; and the H. lineata var. variabilis is recorded from 
Caen, Calvados, by de Hopital. 
Italy—The var. major Pirona is from Friuli, Venetia, and the sub-var. twmida 
Westerlund from Bari, Apulia, if correctly assigned to this species, are the largest 
specimens known. Signor Mascarini records a specimen 26 mill. by 19 mill. from 
S. Elpidio and Fermo in the Marches. The sub-var. inflata is recorded from 
Taranto, Apulia, by Dr. Kobelt, and from Pompeii, Campania, by Mr. F. H. Sikes. 
The sub-var. twrgida is from Southern Italy, and is also recorded by Dr. Kobelt. 
Algeria—M. Bourguignat records H. lauta-maxima from Bone, Province of 
Constantine, and H. lineata-maxima from Hussein Dey near Alger, and Man- 
sourah near Tlemcen. 
Dalmatia—Herr Clessin records specimens from Zara, 20 mill. in diameter. 
