158 XEROPHILA VIRGATA. 
Var. maritima Draparnaud. 
Helix lineata Olivi, Zool. Adriat., 1799, p. 177. 
Helix maritima Drap., Hist. Moll., 1805,p. 85, pl. v, ff. 9, 10. 
Helix burdiga/ensis Grateloup, Catal., 1855, p. 3. 
Helix lineata var. minor Bourguignat, Mal. Alger., 1864, vol. i, p. 220. 
Helix lauta var. minor Bourguignat, op. cit., p. 222, pl. 23, ff. 20—22. 
Helix moesta var. minor Bourguignat, op. cit., p- 229. 
Helix variabilis var. minor Bourguignat, op. cit., p. 226, p'. 23, ff. 10, 11. 
Helix variabilis var. minor Pirona, Moll. Udine, 1865, p. 13. 
Helix virgata var. submaritima Jeftreys, Brit. Conch., 1862. vol. 1, p. 210. 
Helix virgata var. minor Taylor, Journ. of Conch., 1883, vol. iv, p. 29. 
Xerovaria lineata Monterosato, Moll. Isole adj. Sicilia, 1892, p. 23. 
SHELL much smaller than typical form, and usually with a more elevated spire, 
and more deeply pigmented bands. 
The original description by Draparnaud of his Helix maritima var. a is *‘Anfr. 
infimo fasciis confertis interruptis subtis notato, et supra fascia unicd continuatd.” 
The var. Y is described as ‘* Testa fasciolis confertis interruptis, aut maculis 
radiantibus pulchre perfusd.” 
The var. maritima Drap. is the stunted mari- 
time form, but is not confined to that environment, 
being found also in the less favourable localities 
inland. Draparnaud’s figures 9 and 10 represent 
not the type form but his var. Y, and show this Fic. 249. Fic. 250. 
form as being 11 mill. in diameter and about 10 — Fig. 249, 250 —¥. vireata v. maritima 
mill. in altitude. Drap. (Helix maritima var. Y Drap., 
According to Comm. Caziot, of Nice, one of the eV caver 
most critical conchologists of the present day, no shell has been more misunder- 
stood by French authors, even Moquin-Tandon and Dupuy are stated to have 
erroneously figured as this form a shell of the Xalonica group. The figures 
reproduced herewith from Draparnand of H. maritima var. Y are the only ones he 
published to represent his species, and we are now entirely dependent on the 
descriptions and these figures for our appreciation of its peculiarities, as the actual 
type specimens have disappeared from his collection now located in Vienna Museum. 
The Helix maritima is also usually considered to be the Helix lineata of Olivi, 
but this is denied by several French conchologists who have specially studied the 
question, aftirming that Olivi’s description is too meagre, and that the six cited 
illustrations differ somewhat in their characters. 
The sub-var. minor of Pirona is described as 10-12 mill. in diameter. The sub- 
var. variabilis-minor Bourguignat is 12 mill. in diameter; the dineata-minor 8-9 
mill. ; while the Zauta-minor and moesta-minor are each 11 mill. diameter. The 
sub-var. minor Taylor is 64 mill. in diameter, and might form a sub-var. minima. 
The sub-var. submaritima Jeffreys is described as much smaller, more deeply 
coloured (often with a violet tinge), and spire raised. Diam., 8 mill. ; alt., 64 mill. 
The sub-var. burdigalensis is stated by Morelet to be a modification of Helix 
maritima, and exactly similar to Algerian speciinens of Draparnand’s species. 
This variety is diffused along the downs, ete., especially near the sea-coast, and 
has been observed to have the habit of covering the tips of the short hare grass of 
the chalk-downs at Freshwater, Isle of Wight, but is not confined to such places. 
It is similarly distributed throughout Southern and Western Europe, North Africa, 
and Western Asia. 
FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION. 
France—The var. maritima is recorded from Gard, Hérault, Loire Inférieure, 
Manche, and Somme. 
The sub-var. moesta-minor is recorded from Mentone, Alpes Maritimes. 
The sub-var. burdigalensis from Cestas near Bordeaux, Gironde. 
Italy—The H. lineata is recorded from Viareggio, Tuscany ; from Venice, Venetia, 
and from the Island of Sardinia. 
The sub-var. burdigalensis is recorded from the Island of Lampedusa. 
Spain—The var. maritima is recorded from Carmona, near Seville, Andalusia, 
by the Rev. R. Ashington Bullen. 
Greece—The var. maritima is recorded from Zante, Ionian Islands, by P. Hesse. 
Algeria—The H. moesta v. minor is recorded by Bourguignat from Oued-Kebir, 
near Blidah, and from Béne, Dellys, Oran, ete. 
The sub-var. /auta-minor is recorded from Bone. 
The sub-var. variabilis-minor from Oran. 
