28 MONOGRAPH OF BRITISH LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA. 
GENUS GLANDINA Schumacher. 
(Oleacina, Bolten ; Polyphemus, Montfort ; Cochlicopa pars, Férussac). 
The genus Glandina (dim. of glans, a gland) is a primitive group of 
predacious snails of achatinoid origin preying chiefly upon the phytophag- 
ous species, but also devouring smaller individuals of their own kind. 
Although their head-quarters are now in the West Indies and Central 
America, where living forms are found scarcely separable from some of our 
Oligocene fossils, yet a single well-marked species, Glandina algira, still 
lingers in the Mediterranean region, the only surviving representative of 
the numerous European species whose remains are found in the Eocene 
and Miocene deposits of Continental Europe and the Oligocene beds of our 
own country; although two of the British forms are possibly erroneously 
referred to the present genus, I have not had the opportunity to make a 
personal examination of the specimens. 
EXTERNALLY, Glandina is characterized by an elongate, anteriorly attenu- 
ate body ; long oMMATOPHORES, with the Eyes behind their deflected tips ; 
bulbous ANTERIOR TENTACLES; elongate and extensile LABIAL PALPS ; narrow 
foot. ‘The sHELL is long and fusiform, of a lustrous white or horn colour: 
WHORLS six to eight; COLUMELLA twisted and basally truncate; APERTURE 
narrow, PERISTOME simple. 
INTERNALLY, they are destitute of the MANDIBLE; the LINGUAL SHEATH is 
enormous, and the RADULA furnished with obliquely arcuate posteriorly con- 
verging rows of Acanthoglossate! teeth, with a slender unicuspid median 
row. 
Glandina costellata (Sowerby). 
1823 Bulimus costellatus Sow., Min. Conch., iv., p. 89 bis, pl. 336. 
1829 Limnea maxima Sow., Min. Conch., vi., p. 53, pl. 528, f. 1. 
1852 Achatina costellata F. E. Edwards, Mon. Eoe. Moll., p. 75, pl. 7, f. la-k. 
1891 Glandina costel/ata KR. B. Newton, Syst. List Edwards Coll., p. 276. 
SHELL oval-oblong, with a somewhat acute a 
apex ; WHORLS six, somewhat convex and 
transversely ribbed, the ribs being rounded, = 
irregular, rather oblique and thickened at the > 
sutures, giving them a crenulate aspect ; 
GROWTH LINES obscure, intersecting the * | 
obliquely longitudinal ribbing; APERTURE \ 
narrow and pyriform, length, 32 mill. eos \ 
Length of shell, 60 mill. ; diam., 22 mill. 
The existing species, G. lignaria Reeve, 
from Mexico, and Gi. conspersu Pfr., from 
(ruatemala, resemble this species so closely 
= oe paneer 
that Starkie Gardner considers it difficult 
to avoid uniting them. 
ENGLAND AND WALES. 
Oligocene.’—Tliis species is mostly found 
in the Bembridge limestone strata, but usu- 
ra a 
{ 
ally in the form of casts, the shell being rarely Fic, 43. Fic, 44. 
presery ed. Glandina costellata (Sow.). 
ISLE OF WIGHT. (After oer Slightly reduced. 
HEADON SERIES. —J. 8S. Gardner, Geol. Mag., 1885, p- 24 
OSBORNE SERIES.—C. Ashford, 1888. 
BEMBRIDGE SERIES.—Ina pit on north of road, Shaleombe (J. Sow., Min. Conch., 
1823, p. 89 ag te Stone quarries, Binstead, near Ryde, Prof. Sedgwick, 1826 (Sow., 
Min. Conch., vi., p. 53, 1829). Seonce and Headon Hill (Edwards, l.c.; p. 76). 
Bembridge, Frevioeead: Whitecliff Bay, ete., C. Ashford, 1888. 
1 Monog. i., p. 267, f. 533. 2 Monog. i, p. 411. 
