34 MONOGRAPH OF BRITISH LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA. 
Limax maximus Linné. 
1678 Limax cinereus, maximus, striatus & maculatus Lister, Hist. Anim. Angl., 
p. 127, tit. and fig. 15. 
737 Cochlea nuda domestica~Swanm., Bibl. Nat., i., ch. 13, p. 158, tab. 8, ff. 7, 8, 9. 
1740 Limax cellavia D’ Argenville, Conch., p. 386, pl. 28, f. 31. 
1756 La Limace cendrée, striée et tachée de noir et de brun Guet., Mém. Ac. Se., p. 147. 
1758 Limax maximus L., Syst. Nat., ed. x., i., p. 652. 
1774 —~ cinereus Miill., Verm. Hist., ii., p. 5, no. 202. 
1789 = — fasciatus Razoumousky, Hist. Jorat, vol. i., p. 267. 
1819 — antiquorum Feér., Hist. Moll., p. 68, pl. 4, ff 1-8. 
1837 — cyreneus Campanyo, Bull. Phil. Perpignan, ili., p. 88. 
1837. — maculatus Nunneley, Trans. Phil. Soc. Leeds, i., p. 46, pl. 1, f. 2. 
1845 — _ sylvaticus Morelet, Moll. Port., p. 33. 
S15 Limacella parma Brard, Coq. Paris, p. 110, pl. 4, ff. 1, 2, 9, 10. 
1876 = maxima Jousseaume, Bull. Soe. Zool. France, p. 97. 
1868 HLulimax maximus Malm, Lim. Seand., pp. 54-57, pl. 4, ff 10-10f. 
ISTORY.— Limax maximus (maximus, great- 
est) is, as its name implies, one of the largest 
species of the genus, and has been known in 
this country for more than two centuries. 
Merret, in 1667, first enumerated it as one of 
our native species, and Lister, in 1678, figured 
and ably described it under a polynomial ap- 
pellation, the first part of which—Limax 
cinereus—has frequently been disassociated 
CR. & ; from the rest of the epithets and used as a 
IPS bE Voy binomial term. 
Upon the erroneous assumption that this 
i epee { a (eek wit species does not occur in Sweden, Dr. Wester- 
. ~ lund concludes that Limaa cinereo-niger is 
the true Limax maximus of Linné, and on this 
ground he applies the term maaimus to cinereo-niger, and uses the word 
cinereus to designate the present species. 
Diagnosis.—Externaty, Limax marvimus may be distinguished from 
L. cinereo-niger by the body being typically pale and longitudinally zoned 
with black ; the shield maculate or marbled by dark colouring ; the sole 
uniformly pale; the keel confined to the caudal end of the body, and the 
rugosities small, fine, and quite closely set. 
INTERNALLY, the shell is distinctly narrower and more elongate; the penis 
sheath is distally swollen, very rigidly flexed, and its retractor said to have 
a different point of fixation ; the lingual teeth differ from those of cinereo- 
niger by their more aculeate character, and by their cutting-points more 
quickly alternating with those of the adjacent rows ; and the mandible is 
larger, stronger, and distinetly rectangular in shape at the ends. 
It is also more sluggish in habit, has not so wide a range in altitude or 
space, and is more closely associated with man and his habitations than the 
closely-allied Z. cinereo-niger, with which it has been so often united. 
From Limax marginatus, better known as L. arborum, it is distinguished 
by its much longer and more slender tentacles, and by its spotted shield, 
that of marginatus being invariably longitudinally banded ; while intern- 
ally it is sharply differentiated by the presence in marginatus of a short 
conical flagellum to the penis-sheath and a cecal appendage to the rectum. 
