jo4 LIMAX CINEREO-NIGER. 
The Limax ater and related forms are in all likelihood the more primitive 
forms of this species in which the dark colouring of the body has not yet 
spread to the side areas of the sole, but in the absence of the possibility of 
a precise determination, Wolf’s name has been adopted for the species in 
preference to that of Razoumow sky. 
The type form characterized by Wolf has the ground colour white, as is 
evidenced by the keel and mid-dorsal line retaining that colour, while the 
remainder of the animal is almost wholly black, due to the diffusion of the 
black markings. 
The Limax dacampi var. amaliw of Betton is identical with the type, 
while Limae hedleyi Collinge and L. mavimus var. luctuosa only differ in 
the white mid-dorsal line being sullied with a slight ochraceous tint and not 
extending quite up to the shield. 
Diagnosis. —Exrernatty, L. cinereo-niger in its typical form is distin- 
guished from L. maximus by its more uniformly dark colouring, its shorter 
and stouter tentacles, its coarse and prominent ruge, and its sharp and 
well-marked keel, which usually extends fully half the length of the body, 
and sometimes is perceptible quite to the shield. The shield is typically 
unicolorous, and the sole distinctly longitudinally tripartite, the outer areas 
being black or deep ash-grey and the mid-area paler. 
INTERNALLY, the shell is thin and brittle, almost transparent when fresh, 
broad and comparatively short; the penis- -sheath is of tolerably equal width 
throughout, not enlarged and stiffly flexed at the free-end as in L. mavi- 
mus, while its retractor arises, according to Dr. Scharff, between the heart 
and the kidney as in L. favus, and not behind the kidney asin L. maximus ; 
the lingual teeth are broader and also markedly more cuspidate and em- 
bryonic i in their character; the mandible is smaller and more delicate, the 
median beak is not so prominent, and the lower outer margins are distinctly 
rounded and not rectangular as in LZ. maximus. 
In habits, Lima cinereo-niger is more active and less nocturnal than LZ. 
maximus, it has a wider range, both altitudinally and geographically, and is 
not so partial to the vicinity of human dwellings. 
Description. —ANIM AL with a long and rounded but stouter body than Limax 
maximus, varying in length trom 100 or more mill. to, in extreme cases, 400 mill. ; 
GROUND COLOUR “usually whitish in this country, but in 
southern Europe often of a vivid red or other bright 
colour, banded, macnlated, or washed-over with grey, 
brown or blac k, and very frequently, more especially in 
the colder and moister districts, of an uniform black ; 
the whole surface covered with large, boldly projecting 
sinuous tubercles, reminiscent of those of Arion ater ; 
the caudal end of the body bears a strongly developed 
and very prominent KEEL, which is sometimes per cep- 
tible quite to the shield; NECK paler, with a pair of 
longitudinal DORSAL FURROWS, which terminate in 
front as the FACIAL GROOVE S; SOLE! longitudinally 
tripartite, the inner area pale, the two outer areas dark 
with sharply defined margins, except in the young 
stages or where from any cause the juvenile or primi- 
tive trait of an unicolorous sole is preserved to adult 
life; SHIELD large, oblong, nearly two-fifths the total 
length of the animal, rounded in front and more sharply 
angul: ited behind, usually of an uniform black or darkish Hee Er re and. body 
tint, but in the young or in those adults which have niver Well Glee Teel 
retained immature colouring may be marbled or spotted ‘ 
with some darker colour or black upon a pale ground. Mucus colourless and 
iridescent, or as in certain of the more extreme varieties, a red pigment may break 
through the skin and tinge the slime. 
1 Monog. i., 194, f. 383.; 
