LIMAX CINEREO-NIGER. , 61 
The sub-var. hedleyi has the keel and mid-line pale or yellowish-brown, slightly 
interrupted anteriorly, the sides of the body chocolate-black, the ventral edges of 
the mantle dirty-white with irregular sepia dashes. 
Warwick—-Sub-var. /uctuosa, Sutton Park, July 1899! H. Overton. 
Glamorgan—Sub-var. /uctuosa, Bridgend, July 1891! G. K. Gude. 
Stafford—Sub-var. ductwosa, Shelbrook, Cannock Chase, June 1886! L. E. Adams. 
York N.E.—Sub-var. /uctuosa, Wass Bank, Hambleton escarpment, 800 feet 
altitude, Sept. 1892! and Mill Beck, Robin Hood’s Bay, June 1888! W.D.R. 
York S.W.—Sub-var. ductwosa, Skelmanthorpe, May 1897 ! F. Lawton. 
York Mid W.—Sub-var. /uctwosa, Shipley Glen, Oct. 1883! W. West. 
York N.W.—Snub-var. /uetwosa, Helm Ghyll, Dentdale, May 1899! J. E. Crowther. 
Cheshire—-Sub-var. /uctuosa, Goyt Valley, Sept. 1902! C. Oldham. 
Edinburgh—Sub-var. Juctwosa, Roslin Woods, April 1898! W. Evans. 
Derry—Sub-var. hed/eyi, Rathmullan and Walworth, J. N. Milne (Collinge, J. 
of Mal., 1894, p. 51, and 1895, p. 4). 
Germany —Sub-var. ductwosa, Alsace (Meyer, Nachtbl., 1876, p. 106). Specimens 
in British Museum, labelled Heidelberg, Baden, J. E. Daniels. 
France —Sub-var. /uctwosa in the Vosges, the Jura, and Dauphiné (Bourguignat, 
Mal. Grande-Chartreuse, 1862, p. 32); Grande-Chartreuse in the Isére (Moquin- 
Tandon, op. cit.). The sub-var. nuwbigena in the high mountains near the zone of 
pines, especially in the Forest of Superbagneéres, Hautes Pyrenees (Bourg., op. cit.). 
The sub-var. intermedia, communal forest of St. Saulge, Nievre (Brevitre, op. cit.). 
Switzerland—Sub-var. ductwosa, Canton Valais (Simon & Béttger, Nachtbl., 
1885, p. 55). 
Italy —This, the typical form, is found in the Alps of Lombardy and Piedmont, 
descending also to the valleys ; it reaches its highest known habitat in Lombardy on 
Mont Cenis, at an elevation of 2,000 metres (about 6,555 feet); it was also found at 
Lambrate, Milan, by Bettoni. It has been recorded from Val della Dora Riparia, 
from Rivoli, from the Hills of Turin, and from between Calasea and Pestarena in the 
Val Anzasca in Piedmont ; and from Vallombrosa, Tuscany. The sub-var. camerani 
is found in Piedmont at Maccugnaga, Val Anzasca, at an altitude of 1,323 metres 
(about 4,340 feet). The sub-var. ductuwosa at Alagna in Val Sesia, Macengnaga in 
Val Anzasea, Rivoli, and on the Hill of Turin (Lessona & Pollonera, op. cit. ). 
Austro-Hungary—Sub-var. Jwetwosa, Carlsbad (Bottger, Nachtbl., 1885, p. 56). 
Spain—The sub-var. nubigena is found on the verge of perpetual snow on Mala- 
detta, near the Cirque of the Rencluze in Catalonia (Bourguignat, op. cit.) ; and in 
the Valle del Essera in Aragon (Fagot, Mal. Catal., 1884). 
Sweden—Sub-var. intermedia, Ringerige, July 1868 (Malm, op. cit., p. 88). 
Russia—Sub-var. razoumowski at Konotop, Borozdna, and Nejin, in Tchernigov 
(Kaleniczenko, op. cit.). 
Var. maura Held, Isis, 1836, p. 271. 
Limax maximus € niger Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Moll. France, 1858, ii., p. 29. 
Limax maurus Held, in Isis, 1836, p. 271. 
Limax lineatus var. niger Dum. & Mortil., Moll. Savoie, 1857, p. 13. 
Limax cinereo-niger var. § Stabile, Moll. Piemonte, 1864, p. 22, pl. 1, f. 2. 
Limax cinereo-niger var. nigripes Stabile, Moll. Piemonte, 1864. 
Limax cinereo-niger var. malacologorum Colbeau, Bull. Soc. Mal. Belg., 1867, p. 73. 
Limax cinereo-niger var. niger Malm, Skand. Limac., 1868, p. 60, pl. 5, f. 12. 
Limax ater Razoumowsky, Hist. Nat. Jorat, 1789, p. 266-67. 
Limax cinereus var. alpinus Held, in Isis, 1837, p. 306. 
Limax lineatus var. albifes Dum. & Mortil., Moll. Savoie, 1857, p. 13. 
Limax engadinensis Heyn., Mal. Bl., 1862, p. 204. 
Limax maximus var. leucogaster Mérch, Syn. Moll. Daniz, 1864. 
Limax montanus Leydig, Verhandl. Wurtt., 1871, p. 210. 
Limax pirone Pini, Moll. Esino, 1876, p. 36, pl. B, ff. 5, 6. 
ANIMAL entirely black or blackish. Formula (321 123). 
The form discriminated by Razoumowsky as Limax ater, as well as L. maxi- 
mus var. leueogaster Morch, L. cinereus var. alpinus Held, L. engadinensis 
Heyn., L. lineata var. albipes Dum. & Mortil., L. montanus Leydig, and L. 
pironz Pini, may be regarded as sub-varieties of the var. maura, in which the 
dark pigmentation still presents a juvenile or primitive character, as it has not yet, 
or only partially, spread to the side areas of the sole. 
This variety is essentially alpine, and more especially characteristic of exposed, 
elevated, or northern regions, its sombre colouring being probably a response to the 
peculiarities of the environment ; several forms, however, retain one or more of the 
external features of a remote ancestor, 
