132 AGRIOLIMAX LAEVIS CAMPESTRIS. 
Agriolimax levis campestris Binney, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 
1841, p. 52. 
Limax montanus Ingersoll, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury. Terr., 1875, p. 394. 
Limax castaneus Ingersoll, op. cit. 
Limax ingersolli W.G. Binney, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1875. 
Limax hyperboreus Westerlund, Nachsbl. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1876, p. 97. 
With this geographical race, the late Mr. Amos Binney, the eminent 
American conchologist, is associated, not only as being the author of the 
name adopted for the race, but in acknowledgment of the great services 
he rendered to the advancement of our study. 
ANIMAL usually of some shade of amber, but 
oceasionally of a blackish hue; without spots or 
markings ; HEAD and OMMATOPHORES smoky ; 
FOOT narrow and whitish. 
INTERNALLY, A. campestris is, according to 
sinney, characterized by the jaw possessing re- 
curved and pointedjends, a sharp MEDIAN BEAK, 
and the centre 
showing a strong 
transverse line of J 
reinforcement. \v \ 
The RADULA var- é os 
cana keeles Fic. 145.—Median, lateral, and 
: 2 marginal teeth of A. campestris, 
eighteen perfect highly magnified (after Binney). 
laterals being 
that of one adult specimen examined. The 
laterals do not show, as in A. agrestis, an inner-side 
cutting point, but about half the marginals are 
bifid, the bifureation of the outer marginals being 
very obscure. 
The Central and South American forms, de- 
scribed as Limax stenurus, L. meridionalis, L. 
Cifure brasiliensis, and L. argentinus, of which no 
authentic descriptions have been available, are in 
all probability more correctly referred to 
this simpler and more primitive form than —_ 
to the typical A. dwvis, as though doubtless pA 
exhibiting further minor modifications, tend- 
ing to a nearer approximation with a still 
more ancient form, yet the intermediate 
position between the North American L, 
campestris and the South American forms, 
said to be held by the Mexican L. stenwrus, 
tends to confirm the view that the most primi- 
tive forms inhabit the more remote regions. 
The L. queenslandicus, A. bevenoti, ete., 
are also probably more closely allied to this simpler form rather than to the more 
advanced European race, in which the development of the penial retractor and the 
distinctly hammer-headed penis-sheath seems to be more especially a characteristic, 
and may be assumed to be the highest stage of development the species has attained. 
The simpler and more primitive forms now inhabiting the New World, the inele- 
ment regions of Siberia, ete., possess, according to Simroth, a short stimulating 
organ and an elongate rather than a hammer-shaped penis-sheath, resembling the 
immature form figured by him. It would thus seem that in Europe A. levis is 
somewhat variable in the development of its genitalia, and that the uncommon 
or immature form in Europe is the prevalent one in the New World. 
Quebec—Limax campestris, Gaspé, May 1892 (A. W. Hanham, Nautilus, Oct. 
1893, p. 65). Rather local about Quebee (id., Nautilus, Jan. 1897). 
Ontario— L. campestris, near McKay’s Bay, New Edinburgh ; and common about 
Ottawa in moist places everywhere except on sandy soil (I. R. Latchford, Trans. 
Ottawa Field Nat. Club, 1886). 
Manitoba—L. campestris, occasionally at Winnipeg (A. W. Hanham, Nautilus, 
May 1899, p. 3). 
Fic. 146.—Median, lateral, 
and marginal teeth of Lzmax 
brasiliensis, X 200 (after 
Ihering). 
Fic. 147. — Reproductive 
organs of Limazx brasiliensis 
(after Ihering). 
