ARION ATER. 181 
Cheshire—Marple, Sept. 1888 ! Charles Oldham. 
Lancashire S,—Between Liverpool and Warrington, Sep. 1885, T. D. A. Cockerell. 
Sub-var. rubra, Knowsley nr. Liverpool, 1893 (Collinge, J. of Mal., June 1893, p. 148). 
York N.E.—High Cliff, Guisborough (Baker Hudson, J. of Conch., April 1886) 
Middlesbrough (id., Science Gossip, March 1885, p. 67). 
York S.W.—Wakefield district, frequent (G. Roberts, Hist. of Lofthouse, 1885, 
ii., p. 238). Nab Wood near Saltaire (Soppitt & Carter, Nat., 1888, p. 97). 
York Mid W.—Washburndale, July 1885 ! W. D. Roebuck. Knaresborough 
(Fitzgerald, J. of C., Jan. 1889). Overton Wood, York (Christy, Zool., 1881, p. 242) 
= SCOTLAND. 
Ayr--Sub-var. nigrescens Raz., Cumnock (Rey. J. MeMurtrie, J. of C., Apr. 1883). 
Lanark —Sub-var. nigrescens Raz., Wishaw (Rev. J. MeMurtrie, J. of C., Apr. 1883). 
Orkneys—Var. jonstonii, Castle Green, Sanday (Collinge, J. of Mal., 1897, p. 43). 
IRELAND. 
Antrim—Sub-var. nigrescens Raz., common all round the Antrim coast; Cave 
Hill Quarries, 1893 ; Murlough Bay, 1894; Brown’s Bay, 1899, R. Welch. 
Down—Sub-var. nigrescens Raz., Loughislandreavy, Oct. 1897; Union Locks, 
1899, R. Welch. 
Donegal—Sub-var. nigrescens Raz., Ardara Woods, 1900, R. Welch. 
Cavan—Cavan, Sept. 1904! James M. Welch. 
Meath—Sub-var. nigrescens Raz., Cairns on Lougherew Hills, July 1900, R. Welch. 
Dublin—Sub-var. rufula, Leeson Park, Dublin, Aug. 1894, R. F. Scharff. 
Galway W.—Sub-var. rufula, Aran Isles, R. F. Scharff. 
Tipperary S.—Sub-var. nigrescens Raz., Clonmel, Oct. 1904! Mrs. Malcolmson. 
Waterford—Sub-v. draparnaudi, Mountain rd., Clonmel, Apl. 1888, A. H. Delap. 
Kerry—Var. rufa, Valentia Island, May 1890, R. F. Scharff. Kilflynn, Sep. 1904! 
J. Julian. Var. rufa and sub-var. draparnaudi, Gt. Skellig, Apl. 1888, A. H. Delap. 
CONTINENTAL AND GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Germany— Distributed throughout the country, records having been noted for 
Alsace, Baden, Bavaria, Brandenburg, Cassel, East Prussia, Hanover, Holstein, 
Lanenberg, Mecklenburg, Nassau, Pomerania, Prussia, Reuss, Rhenish Prussia, 
Saxony, Schleswig, Silesia, Westphalia, and Wurtemburg. 
Belgium—Recorded from Antwerp, Hainault, Liége, Luxembourg, Namur, and 
’ 
West Flanders. Sub-v. vulgaris, Vielsalm, 1867 (Colbeau, Bull. Mal. Soc. Belg., 1867). 
France—The var. fw is found throughout France, and has been recorded from 
the departments of the Ain, Aisne, Ariége, Aude, Basses Pyrénées, Charente 
Inferiéure, Céote-d’Or, Finistere, Gard, Gironde, Haute Garonne, Haute Loire, 
Hautes Pyrénées, Haute Savoie, Ille-et-Vilaine, Isére, Loire Inferiéure, Lot-et- 
Garonne, Manche, Maine-et-Loire, Morbihan, Moselle, Nord, Oise, Pas-de-Calais, 
Puy-de-Dome, Pyrénées-Orientales, Savoie, Seine Inferiéure, Seine et Marne, 
Vendée, Vienne, and the Isle of Corsica. The sub-var. rufula is found in the forest 
of Hez, Oise; the sub-var. rubra in the same department, growing to an enormous 
size at Noailles ; the sub-var. nigrescens Raz., is found at Aix-les-Bains, Savoy; the 
sub-var. servainiana in the great forests of the Aisne; the sub-var. draparnaudi is 
found in the Somme, while the sub-vars. draparnaudi, marginella, and rubra are all 
common in the Ain, the Rhone, the Seine, and Haute Loire. 
Switzerland—Plentiful in Neuchatel and Zurich, also at Bex and Vevey in Vaud. 
Sub-var. draparnaudi, Maderaner-Thal, Canton Uri, Mrs. Manville Fenn. 
Italy—In Lombardy, the var. rufa is recorded from gardens and cultivated land 
in Comasco and Bresciana, and as been found on Monte Codeno, at about 5,000 
feet altitude. It has also been found near Menageio by Brockton Tomlin. In 
Piedmont it is recorded from the banks of the River Po. In Venetia from about 
Friuli. In Emilia from Reggio and Modena. In Tuscany from Pieve Fosciana near 
Lucca, and Bagni di Lucea, and is also recorded from Campania, at Naples, by Costa. 
According, however, to Pollonera, this species is not found naturally in Italy, 
but has been artificially transplanted into the Royal Park at Monza, and from 
thence to the banks of the Gravellone near Pavia in Lombaidy; other records are 
unreliable, probably due to erroneous identification. 
Spain—Noguera-Pallaresa, Catalonia (Fagot, Faun. Catal., 1884, p. 170). Sub- 
vars. vulgaris and draparnaudi, Galicia (Hidalgo, Hojas Malacolégicas, 1870). 
Norway—Sub-vars. vulgaris and rufa from Sverresborg, Bergen, and Christiania. 
Sweden—Nilsson says in shady woods; found near Gothenburg by Malm. 
Russia—The sub-var. jonstonii is recorded by Kaleniczenko for Wolezansk, 
Kupiansk, and Wulki in Kharkov; and sub-var. /amarckii from Achtyrka, Lebedin, 
and Zmiew in the same district, but according to Dr. Simroth, erroneously. 
