SHELL ARTICLES. (above) 
Left section, upper part, from the left:— a pin of Rafana thomasiana; broaches of Cris¢aria spatiosa ; cuff- 
buttons of Cypraca tigris ; buckles of Turbo marmoratus; a charm of Cypraea annulus. 
Under part, upper row, from the left :— broaches of Ovzla ovum; a cameo of Cypraca arabica; a charm of 
Cypraea moneta; carved broaches of Haliot’s gigantea; under row, from the left, knives, a fork and a spoon of 
Meleagrina margaritifera ; rosaries of A/eleagrina maxima. 
Right section, upper part, from the left :— beads of Cypraea mauritiana ; a cameo and a specimen in the original 
shape of shells, 
Middle row, from the left :— a Japanese hair pin for the back-hair made of Haviotis rufescens; broaches of 
Pteria macropiera ; a Japanese hair bar made of Cassts cornuta, and spoons of Pterta macroptera. 
Under row, from the left :— dishes of Amusium ‘aponicum, Meleagrina maxima, and Pteria macroptera, 
BUTTONS AND BUTTON-MATERIAL, (below) 
Japan has made such rapid progress in manufacturing buttons that she not only keeps out imports, but 
exports 1,000,000 yen worth annually, Osaka is the centre of the button trade, and other factories in different 
parts of the empire number more than 150, 
Vhe best material for the purpose is Great Top Shell, Zvochus niloticus; others of inferior quality are :— 
Meleagrina margaritifera, Turbo marmoratus, Turbo cornutus, Haliotis gigantea, Meleagrina maxima, Pteria macro- 
plera, Perna isognomum, Meleagrina martens’, and some fresh-water mussels. 
The picture shows specimen material, out of which buttons have been cut ; and the method of making buttons, 
Left section, upper part, from the left:— Perna isognomum; Turbo cornutus; Trochus obeliscus; Haliotis gigan- 
tea; Turbo argyrostomus. 
Uuder part, from the left:— Meleagrina martensi; Cristaria spatiosa, 
Right section, upper part, from the left :— buttons of Cypraea annulus and Argobuccinum tuberculatum in their 
original forms ; Astraza japonica. 
Middle :— the order of manufacturing buttons of Zrochus niloticus. 
Under :— the order of making buttons out of American and Chinese fresh-water species, 
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