CHALK AND DOLLS. 
Chalk was formerly called clam-powder in Japan, for it was made from ashes of clam or other shells. It 
is nowadays mostly made from ashes of oyster shells, Formerly it was used as medicine and as paint for painting 
pictures or the faces of dolls. 
Yasé and Uji, near Kyoto, are well known places famous for chalk-making. 
Four bottles on the right contain chalk ; two doll-heads in front of the bottles are specimens, to which chalk 
has been applied. 
To the left of the bottle are a set of dolls called “Marubina”, that is, round dolls, and specimens of “Gosho- 
Ningyo,”—dolls once used in royal families in Japan, 
To the left of these are “Fukusuke and Otafuku”,—dolls representing a peaceful, happy couple in olden Japan, 
On the extreme left, boy-dolls are playing the “Butterfly-Dance”, and behind them a No-dancer doll is play- 
ing “Hagoromo” or a fairy-dance, one of the most famous of No-dance plays, 
These dolls all well illustrate the use of chalk in painting, 
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