88 Kraemer : Color in plants 



In addition to experimenting with vegetable coloring matters, 

 I have experimented with quite a large number of aniline dyes, 

 and have obtained some rather striking results. These dyes are 

 readily soluble in water, and the solutions are made up of a strength 

 of I part of dye to 1,000 parts of water. The effects are best 

 seen in white flowers and are produced by allowing the flower- 

 stalks to remain in the solutions from one to two hours, when 

 they are placed in water. With some flowers, as the cultivated 

 anemones, the effects are noticeable in from ten to fifteen minutes. 

 The results show that some flowers will take up the dyes better 

 than others, and also that only a comparatively few of the thous- 

 ands of aniline dyes can be utilized for the coloring of flowers. 

 These belong chiefly to the classes of azo and rosaniline coloring 

 matters, the acid dyes or those used for dyeing wool producing 

 the best effects. White flowers may be changed to yellow, 

 orange, blue, green, purplish-red or magenta, crimson, purple, 

 salmon-pink or gray by the use of the following dyes : 



1. Yellow flowers are produced by the use of the dye known 

 commerically as " Acid Yellow A. T.," which is chemically the 

 sodium salt of disulpho-diphenylazin-dioxytartaric acid. 



2. Orange-colored flowers may be produced by the use of the 

 dye "Orange G. G.," which is the sodium salt of benzene-azo-B- 

 napthol-disulphonic acid. 



3. Blue flowers may be produced by the use of the dye 

 11 Cyanol F. F.," which is the sodium salt of meta-oxy-diethyl- 

 diamido-phenyl -ditolyl-carbinol-disulphonic acid. 



4. Green flowers may be produced by the use of equal parts 

 of the dyes "Acid Yellow A. T." and "Cyanol F. F." 



5. Purplish-red flowers are produced by the use of the dye 

 "Acid Magenta/' which is the sodium salt of the trisulphonic 

 acid of rosaniline. 



6. Crimson flowers may be produced by the use of equal parts 

 of the dyes "Acid Yellow A. T." and "Acid Magenta." 



7. Purple flowers may be produced by the use of equal parts 

 of "Cyanol F. F." and "Acid Magenta." 



8. Salmon-pink flowers may be produced by the use of the dye 

 " Brilliant Croceine M. O. O.," which is the sodium salt of ben- 

 zene-azo-benzene-azo-B-naphthol-disulphonic acid. 



