390 Gleason : The pedunculate species of Trillium 



Trillium dcclinatnm has heretofore been associated with T. 

 erectum, but its affinities, as shown by distribution and structure, 

 are much more with T. cernuum. T. dsdinatum also has a pleasant 

 odor, wholly unlike the heavy, disagreeable odor of T. erectum. 



2. Trillium cernuum L. Sp. PI. 339. 1753 



Not Trillium cernuum Wait. Fl. Car. 126. 1788, nor Michx. Fl. 

 Bor. Am. 1 : 216. 1803. 



Peduncle deflexed, 1-4 cm. long ; filaments 3-6 mm. long, 

 67-120 per cent, as long as the anthers, which are 3-6.5 mm. 

 long. 



Type locality : Carolina. 



Distribution : Nova Scotia to Manitoba ; south to Minnesota, 

 Michigan and Pennsylvania, and in the mountains to North Caro- 

 lina and Georgia. This range lies entirely to the north and east of 

 that of the preceding species, and the only herbarium evidence that 

 they overlap at any place is from collections of both species made 

 in the vicinity of St. Paul, Minnesota. 



The most evident distinction between the two in fresh material 

 is the position and length of the peduncle, nodding and short in 

 T. cernuum, long and horizontal in T. declinatum. The length 

 cannot be taken as an absolute criterion, since in exceptional cases 

 it may fall within the normal limits of the other species, and the 

 position may be changed by pressing. In dried material a safe 

 character is the relative length of the filaments and anthers. 

 Careful measurements of a large series of specimens show that in 

 this the two species do not overlap, and the distinction is so ob- 

 vious that measurements are virtually never necessary. 



Linnaeus 1 description, as is now well known, referred to two 

 species, this and T. Catesbaei. The type specimen, preserved in 

 the Linnaean herbarium, is of the form usually regarded as T. 

 cernuum, as has been recently shown by Rendle. 



3. Trillium Vaseyi Harbison, Biltmore Bot Studies I : 



24. i go I 



Peduncle declined or horizontal, 5-8 cm. long; petals dark- 

 red, ovate, 3.5-6 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide; stamens much sur- 

 passing the stigmas ; filaments and anthers about equal, each 8-12 

 mm. long. 



