Vol. 33 



BULLETIN 



No 11 



OF THE 



TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 



NOVEMBER, 1906 



North American species of Calceolaria 



Philip Dowell 



(with plates 18-22) 



The first records we find of plants belonging to this genus of 

 Violaceae are those of Pehr Lofling, a Swedish naturalist, who 

 was employed by the Spanish government to study the natural 

 history of Spain. Among the specimens collected by him in 

 South America were three species of violaceous plants which he 

 described under the generic name Calceolaria (Iter Hisp. 183. 

 1758). His descriptions were full, but he did not designate the 

 species by binomials. Linnaeus published these three species with 

 binomials in 1763, but he assigned them to Viola. In 1766 Dr. A. 

 B. Kolpin published a German edition of Lofling's Iter, and at the 

 head of each of the three species of Calceolaria the corresponding 

 binomial given by Linnaeus is inserted. According to Kolpin 

 these insertions were made by Linnaeus, who also had edited the 

 1758 edition of the Iter after Lofling's death. Thus Calceolaria 

 dates from 1766 and is to be credited to Lofling. Jacquin's 

 Hybanthus (Enum. PI. Carib. 2. 1760) is a different genus and 

 does not include any of our species. Sprengel (Jour. Bot. Schrad. 

 4 : 192. 1800) proposed the name Solea for Ortega's Viola verti- 

 cillata, which he described and figured. The name that seems to 

 have been more in use than either of the preceding is Ionidium 

 (Vent. Jard. Malm. pi. 2j. 1804), the type of which is I.polygalae- 

 foliiim, the same species as Sprengel's Solea verticillata. 



Out of some 45 species described, about 20 species of Calceo- 

 laria have been reported as found in North America, including 



[Th 



547 



