INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. 205 



6. J AMU. 



name 



valley, to the plains of the Panjab, Banahal on the southern 



mir on the south, Badarwar 



on the confines of Chamba to the east ; whilst to the north, 

 this province passes into that of Kishtwar, which may be said 

 to commence where the course of the Chenab changes from 

 north-west to south-west. Though probably differing little 

 in physical features from Chamba on the east, it is known 

 much better, from having been traversed in several directions 



by botanists. 



The bounding mountains of Jamu attain an average ele- 

 vation of 12-14,000 feet j the Banahal Pass to Kashmir is 

 10,000 feet ; that of Padri into Chamba has already been 



as 11,000 



town 



The outer ranges of sandstone hills rise gradually from the 

 plains of the Panjab (elevated 1000 feet), and are covered with 

 a loose scrub of tropical, dry country, both eastern and western 

 forms, as Dodoncea, Rcettlera, Rondeletia, Phoenix sylvestris, 

 Pinus longifolia, Solatium Jacquini, Sissoo, Celastrus, Zizyphus, 

 Mango and Pepul, Cassia Fistula, Rhus, Saliv tetrasperma, 

 Coriaria, Bauhinia Vahlii, Euphorbia pentagona, Cocmdus 

 laurifolius. In the temperate region, the prevalent Hima- 

 layan forms of Simla appear in much reduced numbers, with 

 Fothergilla, Quercus incana, Andromeda ovalifolia, Rhododen- 

 dron campanulatum, and Sabia campanulata. Besides these, 

 Quercus dilatata, Q. semecarpifolia, and Rhododendron arho- 

 reum, which hardly occur further west and do not enter Kash- 

 mir, are all found in Jamu. 



Of plants which probably do not occur much, if at all, fur- 

 ther west than the Jamu hills, are 



Ehododendron campanulatum. Phamix sylvestris. 



arhoreim. Prinsepia iddis. 



Giudtiieria trichophylla. liuhx^jlavus. 



