INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. 207 



which divides Kunawar from Tibet, is 18,300. To the north, 

 the pass leading from Kunawar into Piti is the H angarang, 

 14,800. Those to Upper Piti are much more lofty. The bed 

 of the Satlej ascends from about 4000 feet in Lower Kuna- 

 war, to 8000 or 9000 feet at the upper extremity of the pro- 



vince 



dry, compared with 



to the southward and eastward of it, being intermediate in 

 this respect, as it is in geographical position, between the 



Himalay 



number of species. Owing 



the dryness of its climate, Kunawar is sometimes selected as 

 a retreat from the rains of Simla ; and the village of Chini, 

 elevated about 7000 feet, has thus been often visited. Plants 

 from this province and the adj acent districts of Tibet are fre- 



» _ i^h^ -« m w M % * _ 



Chinese Tartary, — an unmean 



ing term, and one which should be disused in geographical 

 and botanical works. Owing to the rapid transition from the 



humid 



Kun 



awar 



forms 



anion 



fastigiata, Potentilla fruticosa 



lurk in 



more 



£ 1 \ I I il W b Li LALI^ ^j^^^ *m^m*w^ w 



many remarkable western and Siberian 



forms make their appearance in Kunawar, which 

 further east. As 



Clematis parvifolia. Quercus Bex 



Bubus vuroureus. Olea euspidata 1 



? 



purpui 

 Salix acutifolia. Dianthus. 



Alnus nitida. Paliurus 



Pinus 



Ercmurus Bieberstcinii. 



Whilst many species, which have been hitherto known only as 

 natives of the dry Tibetan climate at the heads of the Hima- 

 layan rivers, become prevalent features in the flora. 



The first remarkable local transition in the vegetation is 



