INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. 213 



tioned at page 109, give an eminently European cast to the 

 whole vegetation. 



In the Kashmir lakes many European forms of water-plants 



from 



regions 



where ; such are Nymphaa alba, already mentioned, Villarsia 



Menyanthes trifoliata 



Menthas 



angustifolium 



12. Marri. 



Marri 



Pindi, is a narrow 



two deep river-valleys, whose vegetation is quite tropical. On 

 its plain ward slope it produces ordinary Himalayan forms 

 {Rhododendron arboreum, etc.), but the vegetation soon be- 



like 

 mountains 



our definition 



that chain), which sweeps round the north of Kashmir, and 

 following the course of the Indus, turns to the southward, 

 descending gradually into the plains of the Panjab, its most 

 southern slopes forming the Salt range described at page 156. 

 Our only knowledge of the plants of Marri is derived from 

 a very valuable collection made by Dr. Fleming, who ascended 

 the ranges to 9700 feet. European forms abound in even a 

 greater proportion than in Kashmir, and many Himalayan 

 plants find there their extreme western limit ; such are — 



Berber is Lycium. Eosa macrophylla. 



Delphinium saniculceforme. Eubus lasiocarpus. 

 Quercus annulata. „ niveus. 



„ dilatata. Potentilla Leschenaultiana. 



„ incana. „ Nipalensis. 



Pyrus haccata. Spiraea callosa. 



Cotoneaster bacillaris. Machilus odoratissimus. 



The valley of Hasora, north-west of Kashmir, is still more 



