INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. 257 



The Alpine vegetation is also a mixture of European, Si- 

 berian (and Tibetan), Oriental, and Himalayan species, with 

 little or no peculiarity. 



As instances of the Himalayan flora advancing westward 

 beyond the Indus, we may mention the following natives of 

 Afghanistan, none of which have hitherto been detected in 

 Persia : 



Berberis Asiatica. Lonicerse, several. 



Clematis grata. Impatiens, sp. 



Thalictrum pedunculatum. iEsculus. 



Corydalis Moorcroftiana. Sarcococca pruniformis. 



Edgewortliia. Cedrus Deodara. 



Dalbergia Sissoo (cult.?) Pinus longifolia. 

 Mazus rugosus ? „ Gerardiana. 



Adhatoda Yasica, „ excelsa. 



Myrsine, sp. Abies Smithiana. 



The following have not, so far as we are aware, been found 

 east of the Indus, nor in any part of British India : 



Delphinium camptocarpum. Hypecoum procumbens. 



Leontice Leontopodium. Rosa rubiginosa. 



Bongardia Bauwolfii. Amygdalus furcatus ? 



Glaucium elegam. Ephedra ciliata. 



„ comiculatum. Chamserops Ritchieana. 



Ecemeria Tiybrida. iEgilops, several species ? 



Our knowledge of the botany of this province is principally 

 due to the labours of Griffith and Stocks. Mr. Griffith ac- 

 companied the army which marched in 1838-39 from Siiul, 

 through Quetta and Candahar to Ghazni and Kabul. From 

 Kabul he crossed the chain of the Hindu Kush to Bamian 

 and Singhan, and spent some time in the Kuner valley. Hi 

 collections, though formed under circumstances of great diffi- 

 culty, are very good, amounting probably to about 1000 spe- 

 cies. Dr. Stocks twice visited Beluchistan and the southern 

 parts of Afghanistan, penetrating as far as Quetta at con- 

 siderable personal hazard. Some other collections were made 

 while the countrv was occupied by the British army, but we 



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