i. HARSHBERGER: PHYTO-GEOGRAPHIC SKETCH 
species, such as Podophyllum peltatum L., etc., remain as a char- 
acteristic plant growth. If permitted to relapse again to natural 
conditions, fields of the first class become fields of the sixth class 
in three or four years time. 
Meadow-land (2) may be defined as that which has been re- 
claimed from a too wet condition by ditch or tile drainage. Com- 
pared with other field-areas meadows are relatively better supplied 
with ground water. Meadow-land merges into a swamp on the 
one hand or a cultivated field on the other. Plants growing in 
meadow-land are, therefore, not subjected to the vicissitudes of cul- 
tivation, but they are trodden down and browsed upon by cattle 
turned into such areas. Associations of species are not always 
clearly marked in meadows and no attempt is made to group the 
plants together naturally. A list of meadow plants is given by 
way of calling attention to the plants of the region which grow in 
such localities. 
Anthoxanthum odoratum L., Dactylis glomerata L., Lolium per- 
enne L., Andropogon Virginicus L., Phleum pratense L., Alopecurus 
geniculatus L., Agrostis alba L., Poa annua L., P. compressa L., 
P. pratensis L., P. trivialis L., Cyperus strigosus L., Carex (various 
species), Juncus (several species), Scirpus (several species), 7 vifo- 
lium pratense L., T. repens L., T. agrarium L., T. procumbens L., 
T. hybridum 1., Melilotus alba Desv., Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill., 
Daucus Carota L., Hedeoma pulegioides Pers., Hypericum perfora- 
tum L., Polygonum Pennsylvanicum L., P. scandens L. (P. duime- 
torum scandens Gray), Eupatorium perfoliatum L., E. ageratowdes 
L., £. purpureum L., Prunella vulgaris L., Chrysanthemum Leucan- 
themum L., Achillea Millefolium L., Lappula Virginiana (L.) 
Greene (Echinospermum Virginicum Lehm.), Sirophostyles angu- 
losa Ell., Glechoma hederacea L. (Nepeta Glechoma Benth.), Nepeta 
Cataria L., Potentilla Canadensis L., Salvia lyrata L., Specularia 
perfoliata (L..) A. DC., Ranunculus bulbosus L., R. abortivus Ls 
R. septentrionalis Poir., Bursa Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton (Capsella 
Bursa-pastoris Moench), Barbarea Barbarea (L.) MacM. (BP. onl- 
garis R. Br.), Taraxacum Taraxacum (L.) Karst. (T. officinale 
Weber), Alsine media L. 
Growing in the wetter portions of the meadows near the 
_streams that frequently run through such areas, the botanist finds 
