=o. _— =~ = 
HARSHBERGER: PHYTO-GEOGRAPHIC SKETCH 153 
Spathyema foetida, Heracleum lanatum, Rudbeckia laciniata, Limpa- 
tiens biflora, I. aurea, Lobelia syphilitica, L. cardinals, Bidens lae- 
vis, B. bipinnata, B. frondosa, Cicuta maculata, Thalictrum poly- 
gamum, Lilium superbum, Monarda fistulosa, Sium cicutaefolium, 
Lobelia Nuttallit, Mimulus ringens, Myosotis palustris, Iris versi- 
color, Stellaria longifolia, Mentha spicata, Lysimachia guadrifolia, 
Veratrum viride and Scutellaria integrifolia. 
Many of these plants have remained after the removal of the 
timber and some of them have advanced into the meadows from the 
adjacent forest. This is especially true of the species enumerated 
below. They are woodland species that have adapted themselves to 
growing in the open. Erythronium Americanum Ker., Valerianella 
chenopodifolia (Pursh) DC., Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) B. S. P., 
Polemonium reptans Michx., Senecio aureus L., Ornithogalum um- 
bellatum .., Tradescantia Virginiana L., Geranium maculatum L., 
Podophyllum peltatum 1., Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf., Lilium 
superbum L., Monarda fistulosa L., Bicuculla cucullaria (L.) 
Millsp., Arisaema triphyllum, (L.) Torr., Phytolacca decandra L., 
Salomonia commutata (R. & S.) Britton, Clematis Virginiana L. 
along the fences, Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong, Hydrophyllum 
Virginicum L., Salvia lyrata L., Origanum vulgare L., Thaspium 
trifoliatum aureum (Nutt.) Britton, Vio/a (several species), Voularia 
perfoliata L., Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt., Mentha (several spe- 
cies), Commelina nudifiora L., Scutcllaria integrifolia L. 
he pasture-fields of categories 3, 4, 5 supply a number of 
plants which are not found in the meadow-land proper. Most of 
the aforementioned grasses are encountered and also a large num- 
ber of woodland species, that have been introduced since the tim- 
ber was removed, as well as the majority of the introduced weeds 
mentioned above. 
The plants listed below usually grow in drier soil than the 
meadows afford. 
Helianthus giganteus L., Rudbeckia hirta L., Vernonia Nove- 
Loracensis Willd., Solidago serotina Ait., S. nemoralis Ait., S. ru- 
Sosa Mill., S. caesia L., Aster ericoides L., A. puniceus L., Ambro- 
Sia artemisiacfolia L., Bidens discoides (T. & G.) Britton (Coreopsis 
aiscoidea Torr. & Gray), Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) B. S. P. 
(Heliopsis laevis Pers.), Arctium Lappa L., Asclepias Syriaca L. (A. 
