372 GRUENBERG AND GIES: NOTES ON “‘ BASTARD’’ LOGWOOD 
metabolic tendencies in these logwoods are essentially the same, 
varying only, perhaps, in the course of events which involve rela- 
tively slight quantities of pigment.* 
TINCTORIAL DIFFERENCES. — The foregoing results having 
shown that the differences among these logwoods were chiefly if 
not solely tinctorial, we next endeavored to ascertain the extent of 
the pigmentary variations. 
Our first experiments in this connection were efforts to deter- 
mine the relative tinctorial intensity of extracts of different samples 
of heart-wood sawdust made with equal volumes of various sol- 
vents under similar conditions of temperature, shaking, etc., from 
the same quantities of material dried to constant weight at 110° 
C.+ Among the samples were several inferior qualities of red 
wood from dead and decaying trees. 
Taste IV gives our first results in this connection. The fig- 
ures in that table denote the relative positions in a series of ten 
extracts —1 indicating weakest coloration, 2 the pigmentation of 
next higher intensity and so on to 10 showing the most decided 
tinctorial effect. 
The shade of color varied with each extractant, as would be 
expected. The following observations were made in this connec- 
tion, on the color of the series of extracts referred to in TABLE IV. 
if hicoMaaig yellowish-brown to — reddish-brown. ¢ 
Il. 0.2 per cent. HCl—faint yellow to orange. 
III. 2.0 per cent. HCl—faint yellow Shieigh reddish-brown to bright red. 
IV. 0.01 per cent. H — chocolate coloration throughout. 
V. 0.15 per cent. KOH — deep chocolate coloration throughou 
VI. 0.5 per cent. Na,CO,—chocolate coloration sucueett Nex than in V, 
greater than in IV. 
VII, Saturated borax solution — faint yellow to deep reddish-yellow. 
VIII, Ether — faint yellow to orange. 
IX. Absolute cee — faint yellow to red. 
Acetone — faint yellow through greenish-yellow to yellowish-red. 
XI. Acetic ether — faint yellow to deep reddish- “yellow ; brighter than in Vil. 
es 
These conclusions are in harmony with those drawn from other standpoints by 
Professor Earle (quoted on page 368). They were arrived at independently by us ant 
" were included in our report, in December, 1902, to the Botanical Society of America, 
before we were aware of Professor Earle’s deductions. Science, II. 17: 338. 19> 
+ Drying occurred rapidly and seemed to have no transforming effect on the dust. 
This fact was noted before in another connection (page 369). 
{ The coloration intensities are indicated progressively from 1 to 10 (see Lescs 
Iv). Individual exceptions are not referred to. 
