94 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



head ; and one, hudsonimts, also without it, and with brown head. The 

 species may be arranged as follows : — 



1. Head and neck^ above and heneath, black ; their sides white. 



A. A broad white stripe above the eye, meeting across forehead. 



1. P. montanus. Edges of wing-coverts, secondaries, and tail scarcely 

 paler than general tint above. Beneath ashy-whitish, medially. Wing, 

 2.85 ; tail, 2.50 ; bill (along culmen), .50 ; tarsus, .69 ; middle toe, .43 ; 

 wing-formula, 4 = 5, 3 = 6, 7, 2 ; graduation of tail, .18. Hah. Moun- 

 tain regions of Middle and Western United States. 



B> No white stripe above the eye. 



a. Tail as long as, or longer than, wing. Conspicuous white edgings to 

 wing-coverts, secondaries, and tail-feathers. 



2. P. atricapillus. 



Dorsal region yellowish-cinereous, wings and tail purer ash ; sides light 

 ochraceous. White edgings of tail-feathers not margining their ends. 

 Wing, 2.60; tail, 2.60; bill, .40; tarsus, .62; middle toe, .36; wing- 

 formula, 4, 5, 6, 3, 7, 8, 2 = 9; graduation of tail, .30. (12,851 $, 

 Brooklyn, N. Y.) Hah. Eastern Province of North America, north of 

 about 39° ......... var. atricapillus. 



Dorsal region and sides with scarcely a perceptible yellowish tinge; 

 white edgings of tail-feathers passing around their ends. Beneath 

 whitish. Wing, 2.75 ; tail, 2.80 ; culmen, .35 ; tarsus, .05 ; middle toe, 

 .40 ; wing-formula, 5, 4=6, 3^7, 8, 2 = 9; graduation of tail, 

 .50. (3704 $ ? Salt Lake City, Utah.) Hah. Region of Missouri River 

 and Rocky Mountains ...... var. septentrional is. 



Colors as in atricapillus, but much darker. Beneath more ochraceous. 

 Wing, 2.40; tail, 2.50; culmen, .40; tarsus, .60; middle toe, .40; wing- 

 formula, 4th, 5th, and 6th equal, 3 = 7, 2 = 10; graduation of tail, .25. 

 (6702 $ ? Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory.) Hab. Pacific Prov- 

 ince of North America var. occidentalis. 



h. Tail shorter than wing; no conspicuous white edgings to wings and tail. 



3. P. meridionalis.^ Beneath ashy (nearly dark as upper surface), 

 whitish medially. Wing. 2.60 ; tail, 2.20 ; culmen, .40 ; tarsus, .63 ; 

 middle toe, .40 ; wing-formula, 4, 5, 6, 3 = 7, 2 = 10 ; graduation of 

 tail, .10. (10,203, Mexico.) Hab. Eastern Mexico. 



4. P. carolinensis. Beneath pale soiled ochraceous-whitish, scarcely 

 lighter medially. Wing, 2.55 ; tail, 2.30 ; culmen, .35 ; tarsus, .53 ; 

 middle toe, .38 ; wing-formula, 5, 4, 6, 7, 3, 8, 2 = 9 ; graduation 

 of tail, .10. (706^, Washington, D. C.) Hah. Eastern Province of 

 United States, south of about 40°. 



2. Head and neck, above and beneath, brown, the throat darkest ; their sides white. 



C. Back, scapulars, rump, and sides rusty-chestnut. 



5. P. rufescens. Side of neck pure white. Wing, 2.35 ; tail, 2.00 ; 

 tarsus, .61 ; middle toe, .40. Tail scarcely graduated. Hab. Pacific 

 coast of North America. 



D. Back, etc., grayish or ochraceous brown. 



6. P. hudsonicus. Side of neck grayish. Back, etc., smoky-gray. 



^ Parusmeridionalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, 293. — Baird, Rev. 81. 



