396 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Species. 



Common Characters. A lengthened crest of soft blended feathers. Colors, soft 

 silky brownish becoming more vinaceous anteriorly, and ashy posteriorly above. 

 A black stripe on side of head, from nasal feathers across lores through the eye 

 and behind it beneath crest, and a patch of the same on chin, with a white streak 

 between them, on side of lower jaw. 



A. Wing variegated. Lower tail-coverts rufous. Crest much developed. 

 Forehead and side of head bright purplish-rufous. Black patch covering 

 whole throat, and sharply defined. No white line between black of lore, 

 etc., and brown of forehead. Inner webs of primaries tipped narrowly with 

 Avhite. 



a. Terminal band of tail red. 



A. phoenicopterum.' Greater coverts tipped with red, producing 

 a band across the wing. No yellow on tips of primaries. Hab. 

 Japan and Eastern Siberia. 



h. Terminal band of tail yellow. 



A. garrulus. Secondaries and primary coverts tipped with white, 

 forming two broad short bands. Primaries with outer webs tipped 

 with yellow. Hab. Arctic regions of both hemispheres; in win- 

 ter south into northern United States, and along Rocky Mountains 

 as far as Fort Massachusetts, New Mexico. 



B. Wings unvariegated. Lower tail-coverts white. Crest moderately de- 

 veloped. Forehead, etc., not different from crest. Chin only black, this 

 fading gradually into the brown of throat. A Avhite line between black of 

 lore, etc., and brown of forehead. Inner webs of primaries not tipped with 

 white. 



a. Terminal band of tail yellow. 



A. cedrorum. Wing bluish-ashy. Hab. Whole of North Amer- 

 ica, from 52° N., south (in winter?) to Guatemala; Jamaica and 

 Cuba in winter. 



Ampelis garrulus, Linn. 



NORTHERN WAXWING ; BOHEMIAN CHATTERER. 



Lanius garrulus, Linn. " Fauna Suecica, 2, no. 82." — Ib. Syst. Nat. lOtli ed. 1758, 95. 

 Ampelis garrulus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, 297 (Euroi^e). — Baird, Birds N. 

 Am. 1858, 317; Rev. 405. — Boardman, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. IX, 1862, 126 

 (Calais, Me.). —Cooper, Pr. Cal. Acad. II, 1861 (1863), 122 (Fort Mohave, Ar.). 

 Bombycilla garrula, BoN. Zool. Jour. Ill, 1827, 50. — Rich. — Aijd. Orn. Biog. IV, 462, 

 pi. ccclxiii. — Ib. Birds Am. IV, 169, pi. ccxlvi. — Maynard, B. E. Mass, 107. — Dall 

 & Bannister, 280 (Alaska). —Cooper, Orn. Cal. I, 1870, 127. — Samuels, Birds N. 

 Eng. 264. Bombycilla garrula. Keys. & Blas. Wirb. Europas, 1840, 167. — Degland, 

 Ornith. Eiirop. I, 1849, 349 (European). — Wolley, Pr. Z. S. 1857, 55 (nest and eggs). 

 — Newton, Ibis, 1861, 92, pi. iv (nesting). — Nordmann, Cab. Jour. VI, 1858, 307, 

 and VII, 1859, pi. i (nesting). (European.) 



Other figures : Bon. Am. Orn. Ill, pi. xvi. 



1 Bombycilla phoenicoptcrum, Temm. PI. Col. II, 1838 ; pi. 450. The A. phoenkopterum is 

 stated by Temminck to have the nasal setae so short as to leave the nostrils ex]X)sed, and to lack 

 the sealing-wax appendages ; the latter condition may, however, result from the immaturity of 

 the specimen, as it is very connnou to find the same thing in individuals of the other species. 



