C^REBID^ — THE CREEPERS. 427 



a. Throat luiifornily but decided dark ash-color, varyhig in shade, never 

 entirely black, however, nor ashy-white. 



Throat very dark ash, not contrasting or appreciably difierent from 

 blackish of cheeks. 



Wing-spot elongated ; the white running out gradually and 

 obliquely behind to the outer edge of the primary, reaching 

 shaft of outer primary. Yellow of breast decidedly ochraceous. 

 Rump as bright yellow as the belly. Hab. Jamaica . . flaveola} 



White patch of wing more quadrate on each quill ; trans- 

 verse; not tapering off gradually and uniformly behind; not 

 reaching the shaft on outer primary. Breast without ochra- 

 ceous; rump olivaceous-yellow; the color different from that 

 of belly. Hub. Santa Cruz neiotoni} 



b. Chin and throat lighter ash (but not at all whitisli); in decided and 

 appreciable contrast with blackish of cheeks. Jugulum yellow, like un- 

 der parts generally. 



Lateral tail-feather broadly tipped with white on both webs. 

 Rump olivaceous-yellow. 



Wing-spot on each primary nearly quadrate, as in newtoni. 

 Hab. Porto Rico and St. Thomas .... imrtoriceMsis? 

 Lateral tail-feather with inner web only broadly tipped with 

 white. Rump bright yellow like belly. Bill very small. 



White of wing as in flaveola, but less extended, and margin- 

 ing edge only of outer primary. Hab. Hayti and St. Domin- 

 go .... . bananivora.* 



White of wing as in newtoni. Size much larger; darker 

 above. Hab. Tobago, Trinidad, and north shore of South 

 America luteola.^ 



c. Chin, throat, and jugulum white, with a tinge of ashy. Yellow of 

 under parts much restricted. 



Depth of bill less than half distance from nostril to tip. Supercil- 

 iary stripe reaching to nape. Yellow of under part restricted to a 

 triangular patch on breast. White spot on wing large, tapering off 

 gradually on each primary, as in flaveola; on the outer reaching 

 shaft. Both webs of outer tail-feather about equally tipped. Hab. 

 Bahamas and Florida Keys ....... bahamensis.'^ 



Depth of bill fully half distance from nostril to tip. Superciliary 

 stripe reaching the occiput only. Yellow of under parts more ex- 

 tended. White spot on wing restricted ; more quadrate, as in new- 

 toni ; edge only of outer primary involved. Outer web of outer 

 tail-feather scarcely tipped. Hab. Cozumel Island, Yucatan . caboti? 

 2. No external white patch at base of primary quills. Wing-coverts ob- 

 scurely margined with paler. Both webs of outer tail-feathers tipped about 

 equally with white. Rump olivaceous; this color of but slight extent. 



1 CertJiia flaveola, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, 119. 



- C. flaveola, A. & E. Newton, Ibis, 1859, 67. Hab. St. Croix. C. newtoni, B.\ird. 

 ^ 6'. flaveola, var. portoricensis, Bryant, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. Jan. 1866. Hab. Porto Rico. 

 * Motacilla bananivora, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 951. {Baiuxniste, Buffon, St. Domingo.) 

 ^ Certhiola luteola. Cab. M. H. 1851, 96. C. major. Cab. ; 0. minor, Bon. 

 ^ Certhiola hahamensis, Eeich. llandb. I, 1853, 253. C. flaveola, Baihd, B. N. A. ; G. 

 bairdi. Cab. 



^ 0. caboti, Baiud, MSS. 



