454 



NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Pinicola enucleator. 



A considerable number of specimens from Kodiak (perhaps to be found in 

 other localities on the northwest coast) compared with eastern have conspic- 

 uously larger bills, almost equal to cardinalis in this respect. In No. 54,465 

 the length from forehead is .80 ; from nostril, .50 ; from gape, .66 ; gonys, .40 ; 



greatest depth, .51. In a Brooklyn 

 ^^^^ I ^_i___ - skin (12,846) the same measurements 



"^"^ are from forehead, .60 ; from nostril, 



.44 ; from gape, .60 ; gonys, .34; great- 

 est depth, .40. A Saskatchewan skin 

 is intermediate. A European speci- 

 men has the bill as long as that from 

 Kodiak, but less swollen. A Hima- 

 layan species (C. suhhimacJialus) is 

 much smaller, and differently colored. 

 These Kodiak specimens approach 

 the European bird more nearly in 

 form of the bill, in which tliere is a 

 tendency to a more abruptly hooked 

 upper mandible than in the birds 

 from the eastern portions of British 

 America. As a general thing, the 

 red tint is brighter in American than in European birds. 



Habits. The Pine Grosbeak is, to a large extent, a resident of the por- 

 tions of North America north of the United States. In the northern parts 

 of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, as well as in western 

 America, it is found throughout the year in the dark evergreen forests. In 

 the winter it is an irregular visitant as far south as Philadelphia, being in 

 some seasons very abundant, and again for several winters quite rare. 



Mr. Boardman mentions it as abundant, in the winter, about Calais, and 

 Mr. Verrill gives it as quite common in the vicinity of Norway. It is 

 found every winter more or less frequently in Eastern Massachusetts, though 

 Mr. Allen regards it as rare in the vicinity of Springfield. It is not cited 

 by Dr. Cooper as a bird of Washington Territory, but he mentions it as 

 not uncommon near the summits of the Sierra Nevada, latitude 39°, in Sep- 

 tember. It probably breeds there, as he found two birds in that region in 

 the young plumage. They were feeding on spruce seeds when he first saw 

 them, and lingered even after their companions had been shot, and allowed 

 him to approach within a few feet of them. 



Mr. E. Brown (Ibis, 1868) states that during the winter of 1866, while 

 snow was lying on the ground, two pairs of this species were shot at Fort 

 Ptupert, Vancouver Island. 



Wilson met with occasional specimens of these birds in the vicinity of 

 Philadelphia, generally in immature plumage, and kept one several months, 

 to note any change in its plumage. In the summer it lost all its red colors 



