534 



NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



brings us to the same conclusion as that reached in ISoo, namely, that, 

 granting a single species extending over the whole of North America, there 



are several geographical races in different 

 regions. Thus, taking the eastern bird 

 as the standard, with its dark colors, 

 reddish wings, and deep yellow super- 

 ciliary stripe, and the comparative or 

 entire absence of spots on the lower part 

 of breast, we have in the middle prov- 

 ince, and to some extent in the western, 

 a race rather smaller, with more attenu- 

 ated and longer bill, and paler colors ; 

 the wings grayish, the yellow of head 

 being scarcely appreciable (var. alaudi- 

 nus). On the coast of California, an- 

 other series of the size and proportions of the last, but with dark yellow 

 superciliary stripe, — the vertex-stripe even yellowisli, — • dark colors, and 

 the lower part of breast, as well as the throat, decidedly streaked, as well 

 as the jugulum (var. anthinus) ; and finally on the northwest coast, from 

 Puget Sound to Kodiak, a fourth race, nuich larger than typical P. savanna, 

 but absolutely undistinguishable in color, proportion of bill, etc. (var. sand- 

 wichensis). P. aiithiims is not found north of California, but the other two 

 of the western race may occur together at any point of the coast north, 

 perhaps, of the Columbia Eiver. 



Passemilus savnnnn. 



Passerculus savanna, Bonap. 



SAVANNA SPAKROW. 



Fringilla savanna, "WiLSOX, Am. Orn. Ill, 1811, 55, pi. xxii, f. 2. — Ib. IV, 1811, 72, 

 pi. xxxiv, f. 4. — AUD. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 63; V, 1839, 516, pi. cix. Passerculus 

 savanna, Bon. List, 1838. — Ib. Conspectu.s, 1850, 480. — Cab. Mus. Hein. 1851, 131. 

 — Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 442. — Coues, P. A. N. S. 1861, 223. —Samuels, 

 301. Emberiza savanna, AuD. Syn. 1839, 103. — Ib. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 68, pi. 

 clx. ? Fringilla hyemalis, Gm. I, 1788, 922. — LiCHT. Verzeichniss, 1823, No. 250. 

 Gmelin's desciiption, based on Pennant Arctic Zool. II, 376 (winter Finch), applie.s 

 equally well to a large number of species. Liimria savanna, Richardson, List, 1837. 



Sp. Char. Feathers of the upper parts generally with a central streak of blackish- 

 brown ; the streaks of the back with a slight rufous suffusion laterally ; the feathers 

 edged with gray, which is lightest on the scapulars, and forms there two gray stripes. 

 Crown with a broad median stripe of yellowish-gray. A superciliary streak from the l>ill 

 to the back of the head, eyelids, and edge of the elbow, yellow, paler behind. A yellow- 

 ish-white mandibular stripe curving behind the ear-coverts, and margined above and 

 below by brown. The lower margin is a series of thickly crowded spots on the sides of 

 tlie throat, which are also found on the sides of the neck, across the upper part of the 

 breast, and on the sides of body, a dusky line back of the eye, making three on the side 

 of head (including the two mandibular). A few faint spots on the throat and chin. Rest 



