574 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



lands of the Eocky Mountains, in the prairies. They were running on the 

 ground. He heard no note from them. He afterwards saw a few stragglers, 

 in the early part of winter, in the thickets of the forests of the Columbia 

 Eiver, near Fort A^'ancouver. He also met witli them, in the winter and 

 until late in the spring, in the woods and thickets of California. 



Dr. Heermann found this species very al)undant in the fall season, gener- 

 ally associated with the California Song Sparrow and the Z. gamhcli. It 

 resorts to the deep shady thickets and woods, where it passes the greater part 

 of its time. In the mountainous districts it prefers the hillsides, covered 

 with dense undergrowth. It occasionally breeds in California, as Dr. Heer- 

 mann found its nest in a bush near Sacramento City. It was composed of 

 coarse stalks of weeds, and lined internally with fine roots. The eggs were 

 four in number, and are described as having been of an ashy-white ground, 

 with markings of brown umber, at times appearing almost black from the 

 depth of their shade. They were marked also Mdth a few spots of a neutral 

 tint. 



JVIany of these birds were obtained in Sitka and in Kodiak, by Bischoff, 

 and also in British Columbia by Elliot. 



Only one specimen of this species was met with by Mr. Eidgway in his 

 explorations with Mr. Clarence King's survey. This was taken October 7, 

 1867, in the West Humboldt Mountains, in company with a flock of Z. 

 gamhcli. 



Zonotrichia albicoUis, Bonap. 



WHITE-THEOATED SPAREOW. 



Fringilla albicoUis, Gmelin, Sj^st. Nat. I, 1788, 926. — Wilson, Am. Orn. Ill, 1811, 51, 

 pi. xxii, f . 2. — LiCHT. Verz. Doubl. No. 247 (1823). Zonotrichia albicoUis, Br. 

 Coiisii. 1850, 478. — Cab. Mus. Heiii. 1851, 132. — Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 463. 

 — Samuel-s, 311. Passer pennsylvanicits, Brisson, 1760, Appendix, 77. Fringilla 

 pennsylvanica, Lath. Index, 1, 1790, 445. — AuD. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 42; V, 497, 

 pi. viii. — Ib. Syn. 1839, 121. — Ib. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 153, pi. cxci. —Max. Cab. 

 Jour. VI, 1858, 276. Fringilla {Zonotrichia) 2^ennsylvanica, S\v. F. B. Am. II, 1831, 

 256. Zonotrichia 2)cnnsylvanica, Box.- List, 1838. 



Sp. Char. Two black stripes on the crown, separated b}^ a median one of white. A 

 broad superciliary stripe from the base of the mandible to the occiput, yellow as far as the 

 middle of the eye and white behind this. A broad black streak on the side of the head 

 from behind the eye. Chin white, abruptly defined aijainst the dark ash of the sides of 

 the head and upper part of the breast, fading into white on the belly, and margined by a 

 narrow black maxillary line. Edge of wing and axillaries yellow. Back and edges of 

 secondaries rufous-brown, the former streaked with dark brown. Two narrow white 

 bands across the wing-coverts. Length, 7 inches; wing, 3.10; tail. o.20. Young of the 

 year not in the collection. 



Hab. Eastern Province of North America to the Missouri. Breeding in most of the 

 northern United States and British Provinces, and wintering in the United States almost to 

 their southern limit. Aberdineshire, England, August 17, 1867 (Zoologist, Feb., 18G9, 

 1547 ; P. Z. S. 1857, 52). Scotland (Newtox, Pr. Zool. Soc. 1870, 52). 



