580 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



B. Bill with the upper mandible black, the lower yellow. Ash of the 

 jugulum fading gradually into the grayish-white of the abdomen. 



4. J. cinereus. Whole back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and tertials 

 rufous. 



Throat and jugulum pale ash ; back bright rufous. Wing, 

 3.10; tail, 3.00; bill, .34 and .25; tarsus, .80. Hah. Table- 

 lands and mountains of Mexico. . . . \a,v. cin ereus. 



Throat and jugulum deep ash ; back dull, or olivaceous- 

 rufous. Wing, 3.15; tail, 3.10; bill, .44 and .34; tarsus, .90. 

 Hah. Hisfh mountains of Guatemala. . . . var. alticola. 



Junco hyemalis, Sclater. 



SNOWBIRD. 



Fringilla hyemalit, LiNX. Syst. Xat. 1, (10th ed.,) 1758, 183 (not of Gmelin or Latham). 



— AuD. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 72 ; V, 505, pi. xiii. — Max. Cab. Jour. VI, 1858, 277. 

 Fringillu (Spiza) hycmulis, Bon. Syn. 1828, 109. Eviberiza hyemcclis, Linn. Syst. 

 Xat. I, 1766, 308. Strufhus hyemalis, BoN. List, 1838. — Ib. Consp. 1850, 475. 

 XiphoM hyemalis, AuD. Synopsis, 1839, 106. — 1b. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 88, pi. clxvii. 

 Junco hyemalis, Sclatek, Pr. Zobl. See. 1857, 7. — Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 468. 



— CouES, P. A. N. S. 1861, 224. — Dall& Bannister, Tr. Ch. Ac. I, 1869, 284.— 

 Samuels, 314. Fringilla hudsonia, Forster, Philos. Trans. LXII, 1772, 428. — 

 Gmelin, I, 1788, 926. — Wilson's Index, VI, 1812, p. xiii. Fringilla 7iivalis, 

 Wilson, II, 1810, 129, pi. xvi, f. 6. 



Sp. Char. Everywhere of a grayish or dark ashy-black, deepest anteriorly ; the mid- 

 dle of the breast behind and of the belly, the under tail-coverts, and first and second 

 external tail-feathers, white ; the third tail-feather white, margined with black. Length, 

 6.25 ; wing, about 3. Female paler. In winter washed with brownish. Young streaked 

 above and below. 



Hab. Eastern United States to the Missouri, and as far west as Black Hills. Stragglers 

 at Fort Whipple, Arizona, and mountains of Colorado. 



The wing i.s rounded ; the second quill longest ; the third, fourth, and 

 fifth, successively, a little shorter; tlie first longer than the sixth. Tail 

 slightly rounded, and a little emarginate. In the full spring dress there is 



1 Junco cinereus, Cabanis, Mexican Snowbird. Fringilla cincrea, S\v. Syn. Birds Mex. in 

 Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 435. Junco cinereus, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. 1850, 134. — Baird, Biids 

 X. Am. 1858, 465. "Fringilla rufidorsis, Licht.," Bonaparte ; probably a catalogue name. 

 Junco phcconotus, Wagler, Isis, 1831, 526. — Bona?. Comptes Rendus, XXXVII, 518. 



Sp. Char. Ash-color above ; with a broad quadrate interscapular patch of rufous-chestnut, 

 this extending over the wing-coverts and inner secondaries. Beneath jialer ash, lighter in 

 middle region below, but without distinct line of demarcation. Lores and anterior region of eye 

 dusky ; in decided contrast. Outer three tail-feathers white, but dusky at base and on outer web 

 at end ; the amount increasing internally. L^pper bill entirely black ; lower yellow. Length, 

 6.40 ; height of bill, .25 ; culmen, .46. Hab. Table-lands of Mexico. 



2 Junco alticola, Salvin, Guatemalan Snowbird. Junco alticola, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1863, 189 

 (Highlands, Guatemala). — I b. Ibis, 1866, 193. 



Sp. Char. Similar to J. cinereus, but darker than Mexican species, with less contrast between 

 the rufous of back and the ash of head. Tail with less white. Bill much larger : height, .34 ; 

 culmen, .56. Rah. Highlands of Guatemala. 



