PUPA. 163 



the aperture, " apertura edentula," and nowhere 

 mentions the remarkable broad white margin. 



Mr. Alder, on breaking some of these shells, 

 found them to contain (ten or twelve) young shells 

 with the first whorl of the shell formed. This would 

 lead to the conclusion that the animal is viviparous. 

 The same has been observed to be the case with 

 several other terrestrial shells, as Bulimus decollatus, 

 Achatina octona, and some Carocollce, as C. bicolor. 



71. 2. Pupa anglica. English Chrysalis Shell. — 

 Shell ventricose, shining, bald, fulvous ; whorls 

 five ; aperture elongate-lunate, five-toothed ; 

 the peristome flattened and reflected ; umbilicus 

 cylindrical, (t. 7. f. 82.) 



Vertigo anjrlica. Ferussac, Prod. Moll. 64. (no character) ; 

 Turton, Man. ed. 1. f. 82. — Pupa tridentalis. Michaud, 

 Compl. 61. t. 15. f. 28. 30. ? — Pupa anglica. Alder, Trans. 

 N. H. Soc. Newcastle, i. 33. ; Potiez and Michaud, Gall. i. 

 195. t. 20. f. 1, 2.; Forbes and Hanley, B. Moll. iv. 99. 

 t, 129. f. 6. ; Moq. Tand. Moll. F. ii. 404. t. 28. f. 34. 38. — 

 Turbo anglicus. Gray, in Wood. Cat. Supp. t. 6. f. n. — 

 Pupa ringens. Jeffreys, Linn. Trans, xvi. 356. 514. (not 

 Mich.). 



Inhab. woods, north of England, Northumberland, 

 Lancashire. {Ferussac.^ 



Animal dark lead-coloured, white beneath. 



Shell two lines long, and half as much broad, dark 

 chocolate-brown with often a greyish cast, especially 

 towards the point, opaque, faintly striate longitu- 

 dinally ; spire composed of six or seven slightly 

 raised volutions ; aperture semielliptic, with a tuber- 

 cular projection near the top of the outer lip, and 

 five teeth, — two at the base (one of them small and 



M 2 



