166 HELICID^. 



tigo secale. Tnrton, Man. ed. 1. 101. t. 7. f. 81. — Chon- 

 drus secale. Cuvier, R. A. iii. 89. ; Hartmami, 218. n. 20. ; 

 Sturm, y\. 7. t. 4. — Torquilla secale. Studer, Cat. 19. — 

 Helix (Cochlodonta) secale. Fer. Prod. 64. n. 488. — Odo- 

 stoniia juniperi. Flem. E. Ency. vii. 76. — Turbo cylindrus. 

 Hartin. N. Alpina, ii. 212. — Helix cylindrica. Studer, in 

 Coxes Travels. — Jaminia secale. Risso, E. M. iv. 89. — 

 Pupa juniperi. Fleming, B. A. 268.; Gray, Man. 197. — 

 Granaria secale. Held. Isis, 1837, 918. — Stomodonta secale. 

 Mermett, Moll. Pyr. 51. 



Inhab. roots of trees and under stones^ in chalky 

 districts, and cracks in rocks in oolite limestone. 



Animal blackish-brown, warty ; foot slender. 



Shell a quarter of an inch or rather more in length, 

 of a greyish-brown colour, opaque, obliquely striate 

 longitudinally ; spire composed of eight or nine 

 rounded volutions ; aperture with seven or eight 

 laminar teeth, two on the pillar lip, three on the 

 outer lip, including the central one, all of which are 

 visible on the back in the apj^earance of three pale 

 bands ; and two on the interrupted part of the peri- 

 stome, the outer one of which is more prominent 

 and close to the margin, with often a tubercle on its 

 outside. 



The shell of the young animal is clothed with an 

 earthy covering, like Bullmus obscurus. In this state 

 it is described by Miiller, according to Jeffreys, un- 

 der the name of Helix ventricosa. 



Montagu ( T. B. 340.) truly observes that " these 

 projections, usually called teeth, are not properly 

 denticles or tooth- shaped protuberances, but are fine 

 white lamincB or ridges running spirally backwards 

 in a parallel direction to each other; those on the 

 exterior lip may in most instances be traced through 

 the outside of the shell ;" they are in fact foldings 



