196 
CLA PAGE Rave 
THE WHITE-SHOULDERED EAGLE (Aquila adalberti). 
The largest tree-nesting Eagle. Means of identifying at a distance—Comparison 
with Golden Eagle—Perplexing changes of plumage—A nest in a marsh— 
Pugnacity of Eagles—Nest in black poplar—A_ bull-fighting interlude 
—‘‘ Mild-mannered”’ bulls and the reverse. Beautifully coloured eggs— 
Trapping an Eagle, a lucky escape—Food of Eagle—Habits—The ‘“ Black 
Eagle’””—A Regimental Trophy. 
is one of those curious anomalies so 
constantly met with where the habits 
of wild birds are concerned that in 
southern Spain where great cliffs 
abound which offer secure nesting-sites 
for Eagles, out of the five species of 
Eagles most frequently met with two, 
and two only, nest in cliffs the others 
invariably resorting to trees. And not 
only do they nest in trees but often in 
extremely small trees, in some cases 
only 15 ft. or so from the ground. 
Foremost and largest among these 
tree-nesting species is the beautiful 
White-shouldered Eagle, or as it is also 
called, the Spanish Imperial Eagle, the western representative of 
the Imperial Eagle (Aguzla mogilntk) of Eastern Europe. This 
bird in its structure, flight, general appearance and habits closely 
resembles the Golden Eagle. It is however of a lighter and less 
