50 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



in the <J) ; chin immaculate; upper eyelid dark brown; facial circle black; neck and 

 jugulum like the cheeks, but more strongly barred, and with blackish along the shaft. 

 Ground-color of the lower parts white, each feather with a medial stripe of black, this 

 throwing off distinct bars to the edge of the feather; the medial black is largest on sides 

 of the breast, where it expands into very large conspicuous spots, having a slight rusty 

 exterior suffusion ; the abdomen medially, the anal region, and the lower tail-coverts, are 

 almost unvaried white. Tibiee and tarsi in the male dull white, much barred trans- 

 versely with blackish ; in the female, pale ochraceous. more sparsely barred with dark 

 brownish. Lining of the wing creamy-white, varied only along the edge ; light bars on 

 under surface of primaries very obsolete. 



^ (16,027, Fort Crook, North California; John Feilner). Wing, 6.70; tail, 3.80; cul- 

 men, .61; tarsus, 1.35; middle toe, .72; ear-tufts, 1.00; wing-formula, 3 = 4,5-2,6, 

 1 = f). " Length, 9.50 ; extent, 23.75." 



9 (18,299, Hellgate, Montana; Jno. Pearsall). Wing, 7.80; tail, 4.10; cuhnen, .70; 

 tarsus, 1.70; middle toe, .80; ear-tufts, 1.00. 



You7ig ^ (No. 29,738, Wood's Hole, Mass., July 25, 1863 ; S. F. Baird. " Parent 

 gray "). Secondaries, primaries, and tail, as in the adult, gray plumage ; but the latter 

 more mottled, the bands confused. Rest of the plumage everywhere grayish-white, with 

 numerous transverse bars of dusky -brown ; eyebrows and lores scarcely variegated dull 

 white ; facial circle obsolete. 



9 (41,891, Philadelphia, Penn. ; J. Krider). Whole head, neck, back, rump, and en- 

 tire lower parts transversely barred with dark brown and grayish-white, the bands of the 

 former on the upper parts rather exceeding the white in width, but on the lower surface 

 much narrower; scapulars with large transverse spots of white on the outer webs. 

 Wings and tail as in the adult. Facial disk conspicuous. (More advanced in age than 



the preceding.) 



b. Rufescent plumage. 



Adult. General pattern of the preceding ; but the grayish tints replaced by lateritious- 

 rufous, very fine and bright, with a slight vinaceous cast : this is uniform, and shows 

 no trace of the transverse dark mottling ; there are, however, black shaft-lines to the 

 feathers (these most conspicuous on the head above, and scapulars, and narrower and 

 more sharply defined than in the gray plumage). The inner webs of the ear-tufts, outer 

 webs of scapulars, and lower secondary and middle wing-coverts, are white, as in the 

 gray plumage ; those of the scapulars are also bordered with black. The secondaries, 

 primaries, and tail are less bright rufous than the other portions, the markings as in the 

 gray plumage, only the tints being different. The upper eyelid, and, in fact, all round the 

 eye, fine light rufous ; cheeks and ear-coverts paler, scarcely variegated ; black facial circle 

 rather narrower than in the gray plumage. Lower parts without the transverse bars of 

 the gray plumage, but in their place an irregular clouding of fine light red, like the back ; 

 the lower parts medially (very broadly) immaculate snowy-white; most of the feathers 

 having the red spotting show black shaft-stripes, but the pectoral spots are not near so 

 large or conspicuous as in the gray bird. Tibiae fine pale ochraceous-rufous ; tarsi the 

 same posteriorly, in front white with cuneate specks of rufous; lower tail-coverts each 

 with a medial transversely cordate spot of dilute rufous, the shaft black. Lining of the 

 wing with numerous rufous spots. 



^ (12,045, Washington, D. C, January). Wing, 6.30 ; tail, 3.00. 



9 (22,512, Maryland; R. G. Campbell). Wing, 6.70; tail, 3.50. 



Young (29,792, Peoria, Illinois; Ferd. Bischoff). Wings and tail as in adult; markings 

 on head and body as in the young gray bird, but white bars more reddish, and dark ones 

 more brown. 



Hab. Temperate North America, from the South Atlantic States to Oregon, and from 

 the northern United States to Texas. Replaced in the southern Middle Province and 



