130 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



tarsus, 1.50-1.60; middle toe, 1.75-2.10. Second quill longest; 

 first longer than third. Crissum ochraceous, or Avhite and rufous, with 

 large transverse spots of black ; upper tail-coverts sharply barred with 

 pure white or pale ash. Adult. Above plumbeous-black, the feathers 

 conspicuously bordered with plurabeous-blue. Throat and jugulum 

 immaculate; white centrally and anteriorly, deep rufous laterally and 

 posteriorly. Tibiae plain rufous. Young. Above uniform dull black, 

 the feathers sometimes bordered inconspicuously with rusty. Throat 

 and jugulum varying from white to ochraceous or rufous (this always 

 deepest laterally and posteriorly). Tibias sometimes thickly spotted 

 transversely with black. Hab. Tropical America, north to Southern 

 Mexico. 

 3. F. rufigularis.' Wing, 7.20 - 9.00 ( <J, wing, 7.70 ; tail, 3.95 - 5.50 ; 



transverse spots of black ; inner webs of primaries with transverse ovate spots of white, toucliing 

 neither shaft nor edge of the feather ; these number seven on the longest quill (second). Wing- 

 formula, 2-1, 3-4. Wing, 9.90 ; tail, 5.50 ; tarsus, 1.55 ; middle toe, 1.75. 



Juv. ((J, 51,293, Costa Rica, La Palma, August 25, 1867 ; Jose C. Zeledon). Whole up))er 

 surface black, deepest on the tail ; it occupies the whole head (except the chin, throat, and 

 sides of the neck), the black cheek-patch having considerable prominence ; feathers everywhere 

 (except on the head and neck) indistinctly bordered with light brownish, this becoming more 

 distinct posteriorly ; upper tail-coverts tipped and barred beneath the surface with pure white ; 

 secondaries, primaries, and primary coverts narrowly but sharply tipped with pure white ; tail 

 crossed with live very sharp bars of pure white, the last terminal, the first two concealed by the 

 coverts ; these transverse spots touch the shaft, but not the edge of the feather ; on the lateral 

 feather they are confined to the inner web. Chin, throat, neck, and breast, abdomen, crissum, 

 and lower tail-coverts, deep orange (not chestnut) rufous ; in fact, this forms the ground-color of 

 the whole lower parts ; but the sides, flanks, and abdomen have such large transverse spots of 

 black (these exceeding the orange in amount), giving the prevailing color ; the orange of the 

 jugulum is sharply defined, with a semicircular outline, against the black of the belly, and has 

 distinct lanceolate shaft-streaks of black ; the lower part of the abdomen, and the tibiae, 

 have cordate or broadly sagittate black spots, rather exceeding the orange ; the lower tail- 

 coverts have broad transverse spots of black. (The orange is deepest on the jugulum and 

 crissum, being palest where most thickly spotted ; it is immaculate only on chin, throat, and 

 neck ; the markings are longitudinal only on the jugulum.) Lining of the wing like the 

 belly, that is, the black predominating ; under surface of primaries with transverse elliptical 

 spots of pale cream-color, seven in number on the longest. Wing-formula, 2, 1-3. Wing, 

 9.90 ; tail, 5.40 ; culmen, .72; tarsus, 1.40 ; middle toe, 1.75; outer toe, 1.20 ; inner, 1.00 ; 

 posterior, .80. 



List of Specimens examined. — National Museum, 1 ; G. N. Lawrence, 1; Boston Society, 

 2 ; Philadelphia Academy, 3. Total, 7. 



Measurements. — $. Wing, 10.90-11.30 ; tail, 6.00-6.25 ; culmen, .90 ; tarsus, 1.50-1.60 ; 

 middle toe, 1.85-2.10. 



1 Falco rufigularis, Daud. Tr. Orn. II, 131, 1800. — Strickl. Orn. Syn. I, 88, 1855. Hypo- 

 triorchis rufigularis, Gray, Gen. B. fol. sp. 5, 1844 ; List B. Brit. Mus. p. 54, 1848 ; Hand 

 List, I, 21, 1869. — BoNAP. Consp. Av. (sub F. aurantius.). — Gray, Hand List, I, 21, 1869. 

 Falco aurantius, ^, Lath. Ind. Orn. I, 48, 1790. Falco aurantius, y. Lath. Ind. Orn. I, 48, 

 1790. Falco aurantius, Temm. PI. Col. sub. pi. cccxlviii, 1836. — Licht. Verz. Douhl. p. 61, 

 1823. — Cas,s. B. N. Am. 1858, 10. —Elliot, Bn-ds N. Am. pi. xi. Falco alhigularis, Daud. 

 Tr. Orn. II, 131, 1800. Falco ImmorrlioidaUs, Hahn, Vog. XV, Lief. pi. i, 1818. Falco cuculla- 

 tus. Swains. An. Menag. p. 340, 1838. Falco thoracicus, Donovan, Nat. Rep. pi. xlv, 1822. 



Sp. Char. Adult ($, 52,820, Mazatlan, Western Mexico ; Col. A. J. Grayson). Above 

 dark slate, with a bluish-plumbeous cast, and uniform over whole .surface (wings included) from 

 nape to tail. Anteriorly the tint is almost black, this covering continuously the whole upper 

 and lateral portion of the head, reaching down to the throat, and forming a broad angular pro- 



