FALCONID.E — THE FALCONS. 259 



Buteo pennsylvanicus (Wils). 



BROAD-WINGED HAWK. 



Falco pennsylvanicus, Wils. Am. Orii. VI, 92, pi. liv, f. 1, 1812. —Lath. Gen. Hist. I, 

 263, 1821.— AuD. B.Am. pi. xei, 1831; Orn. Biog. I, 461, 1831. — Boxap. Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y. II, 29, 434 ; Isis, p. 1137, 1832. —Nutt. Man. I, 105, 1833. —Temm. 

 PI. Col. 67, 1836. Butco pamsi/lvanicus, Bonap. Ois. Cuv. Reg. An. p. 35, 1830 ; 

 Eur. & N. Am. B. p. 3, 1838 ; Consp. Av. p. 19, 1850. — Aui). Syn. p. 7, 1839.— 

 BuEW. (Wils). Am. Orn. Syn. p. 648, 1852. — Gray, Gen. sp. 8, 1844 ; List B. Brit. 

 Mus. p. 16, 1844. — CAS.S. B. Cal. & Tex. Syn. p. 100, 1854. — Strickl. Orn. Syn. I, 

 32, 1855. -De Kay, Zool. N. Y. II, 11, pi. v, fig. 11, 1844. —Cass. Birds K Am. 

 29, 1858. — Gray, Hand List, B. 7, 1869. — Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 325 (Texas). Astur 

 pennsylvanicus, Qvw. Reg. An. (ed. 2), I, 332, 1829. —James. (Wils.) Orn. I, 65. 

 Falco laUssimus, Wils. Am. Orn. (last ed.) VI, 92, pi. liv, f. 1, 1812. A. .? latissimus, 

 Jard. (Wils.) Am. Orn. II, 294. Falco wilsoni, Bonap. Obs. Wils. Nouv. Journ. Ac. 

 Sc. N. Y. Ill, 348. Poicilopternis wilsoni, Kaup, Mon. Fal. Cont. Orn. p. 75, 1850. 

 Sparvius platyptcrus, Vieill. Enc. Metli. Ill, 1273 (quot. Wils. pl. liv, fig. 1), 1823. 



Sp. Char. Adult. Upper surface dark umber-brown, the feathers gradually paler 

 toward edges ; on the back, the feathers more uniformly dusky, causing a prevalent 

 blackish appearance. Eump and upper tail-coverts blackish vandyke-brown ; the latter 

 tipped with pure white, and with a concealed bar of same, about the middle of each 

 feather. Tail dull black, with an obscure terminal band of dull brown, this fading ter- 

 minally into whitish ; across the middle of the tail a broad band of dull light umber 

 (in some individuals approaching dull white) about f of an inch in width ; about as far 

 anterior to the main band as this is from the tip is another much narrower and more 

 obscure band of the same color, crossing just beyond the ends of the coverts, or con- 

 cealed by them. Primaries uniform brownish-black, fading on terminal edge into pale 

 brown. Head above, and broad but inconspicuous " mustache," running from beneath 

 the lore downward across the cheek, dull black ; the crown posteriorly, with the occiput 

 and nape, having the dull black much broken, caused by the lateral streaks of dull rufous 

 on all the feathers ; this dull rufous tint prevails on the rest of the head and neck, as well 

 as the breast, leaving the lores and chin and lateral portion of frontlet alone whitish ; 

 throat streaked Avith blackish. Beneath dull brownish-rufous ; that of the breast .almost 

 unvaried ; medially, however, are roundish spots of white on opposite webs, but these are 

 not confluent ; posteriorly these spots become gradually more numerous and more trans- 

 verse, forming on the flanks transverse bands, almost continuous; on the tibiae the white 

 prevails, the rufous bars being more distant, and connected only by a brown shaft-line ; 

 lower tail-coverts less numerous, transverse spots of dull rufous. Lining of the wing 

 ochraceous-white, with sparse, rather small, irregulai'ly deltoid spots of dull rufous ; under 

 surface of the primaries unvaried white, as far as their emargination, beyond which they 

 are black. Fourth quill longest; third a little shorter; second intermediate between fifth 

 and sixth ; first about equal to the ninth. Female (extremes 30,969, Brookline, Mass., 

 and 30,895, Mirador, Mexico ; the latter the larger.) Wing, 11.00 - 11.30 ; tail, 6.80 - 7.10 

 tarsus, 2.30 ; middle toe, 1.30. Male (32,309, Moose Factory, Hudson's Bay Territory). 

 Wing, 10.50; tail, 6.30; tarsus, 2.30; middle toe, 1.20. 



ybjmgr waZe, second year ? (39,106, Reraedios, Cuba, June ; N. H. Bishop). Upper parts 

 similar to adult, but a reddish tint appreciably washing the edges of the interscapulars and 

 (less noticeably so) the scapulars. Bands on tail nearly as in adult ; but very near the 

 base is a fourth, very narrow and faintly defined, pale band, while the bases of all the 

 feathers are much mottled with white. Dull rufous of the breast not continuous, but in 



